Analysing Strategy And Operations Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 20 Words: 5851 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Todays business environment is complex, dynamic and uncertain and is influencing the strategies of modern enterprises (Beirnat, 2004). It is generally understood that there is a growing change in relationships between buyers and sellers which are impacting the way in which business is conducted (Buttle, 2007). Industry reports suggest that changes in todays social and economic environment have had an impact on consumer spending behaviours. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysing Strategy And Operations Management" essay for you Create order In such an unpredictable environment, the management of customer relationships becomes vital to the success of a business (Dyche, 2002). This realisation has prompted studies in the area of strategic management with the aim of gaining an understanding of a firms internal and external environment and developing strategies to exploit internal capabilities and external opportunities (Slack et al, 2006). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the activities of John Lewis and explore its business operations in relation to Michael Porters generic strategies model. The paper will continue by examining Michael Porters value chain analysis and apply the theories practically to John Lewis. The paper will also discuss how the added value creates distinctive competences and lead to a competitive advantage for the business. Company Background John Lewis plc John Lewis is a UK retailer which comes under the umbrella name of John Lewis Partnership. The Group comprises of John Lewis department stores, Waitrose supermarkets, John Lewis Direct and the direct services company Greenbee. It is a public limited company owned by its employees (Partners) who influence the running the business and who benefit from a share of the companys annual profits. The chain has an upmarket image which appeals strongly to a middle class core customer base. Chart 1: John Lewis Plc market share 2003 2007 (Mintel, 2007) The chart shows the market share growth for John Lewis from 2003 to 2007. The chart displays a steady growth pattern during this period. It would be fair to suggest that John Lewis has been performing well within the market as it market share has grown year on year. Mintel reports forecast that the retailer will continue to witness steady growth within its industry and states that John Lewis will be one of few retailers who will sustain growth despite changes in the economic climate and consumer spending behaviours. Activities John Lewis department stores offer a wide range of goods, including electrical, home garden, sports and fashion goods, with many brands exclusive to John Lewis. Waitrose supermarkets sell a large number of own-brand goods which are mainly in the food and household-cleaning sectors. Both parties place emphasis on quality goods and customer service, rather than low prices. To date the partnership comprises of 234 Waitrose supermarkets, 30 John Lewis department stores, John Lewis Direct an online and catalogue business and Waitrose a online grocery service, Greenbee a direct services company, which is supported by nine distribution centres, three production units and a farm. The Partnership has implemented a programme of social activities for partners, which includes a golf club; playing fields and tennis courts; two large country estates with parklands; a sailing club with five cruising yachts and two country hotels offering holiday accommodation for partners. Partners are also enrolled in a pension scheme, given very generous holidays, and are part of a death in service insurance scheme. Additionally, upon completing twenty five years of service with the Partnership, they are given six month paid break. Principles The John Lewis Partnership defines its business on seven distinctive principles. They acclaim that these principles are as relevant to todays business environment as they were when first introduced by its founder, John Spedan Lewis in 1906. [See Appendix 1 for Partnership Principles] These principles are considered the backbone of the Partnerships activities and ultimately the force behind the success of the Partnership. The notion of trust and respect to all its members, customers and business partners is incorporated into the Partnerships business strategy: The Partnerships reputation is founded on the uniqueness of our ownership structure and our commercial success. Our purpose is the happiness of all our members, through their worthwhile, satisfying employment in a successful business, with success measured on our ability to sustain and enhance our position both as an outstanding retailer and as a thriving example of employee ownership. (John Lewis Partnership, 2002) The strategy is centred on satisfying three independent objectives: partners, customers and profit. They state that these objectives demand an appetite of innovation, continuous improvement and enterprise to maintain the spirit of their commercial and democratic capability. This ideology will be explored in further detail to verify its true validity. Stakeholder Groups The Partnership has recognised the importance of its operations in relation to their internal and external environment. This is apparent when considering the Partnerships Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). They state that the management of social, ethical and environmental issues involve everyone and through active engagement with their stakeholders they determine their business priorities, how they manage and monitor their performance, how they determine their business goals and objectives, and how they ensure that they are living up to their promises on a daily basis. This is achieved through the alignment of the Partnership seven business principles and current thinking on their corporate social responsibility. This alignment sets out how the business perceives its responsibilities in terms of community investments, environmental protection, responsible sourcing and trading and workplace equality, diversity and dignity. This is communicated through the Partnerships corpor ate social responsibility policy: As a responsible retailer, owned beneficially by our employees (Partners), we believe that the long-term future of the Partnership is best served by respecting the interests of all our stakeholders: Partners, customers, suppliers and the wider community. We look actively for opportunities to improve the environment and to contribute to the wellbeing of the communities in which we trade. Our CSR policy sets out the principles we follow and the programmes we have developed to focus on the areas where we have significant impact or influence. (John Lewis Partnership, 2002) The corporate social responsibility policy is based on four key principles: shared responsibility, honesty and accountability, sustainable progress, and demonstrable progress; and four programmes are set in place to ensure its governance: environment, relationships, communities and partners [see Appendix 2 for CSR principles and programmes]. Competition Keynote reports state the retail industry is one which is face with strong competition from small family-run stores to larger multinational well established outlets. Mintel reports state that each retailer tries to differentiate itself from the competition, but the strategy that the company uses to sell its products is the most important factor. Mintel reports further state that the department store market can be divided into the following main areas: Luxury department stores: Harrods, Harvey Nichols and Selfridges. Middle market department stores: Debenhams, Marks and Spencer (MS) and John Lewis. Price-led department stores: The Co-operative, TJ Hughes and Boyes. John Lewis falls into the category of middle market department stores. The middle market retailing area will be the focus of this paper. The key players in this market are: Marks and Spencer, John Lewis, Debenhams and House of Fraser [See Appendix 3 for company profiles]. Industry reports state that the market leader is Marks and Spencer despite having a dip in sales and market share over recent years. The number two player, John Lewis is said to be further widening the gap between itself and rival player number three Debenhams. House of Fraser is the number four player who appears to have struggled most during the recession. [See appendix 4 for industry trends] Analysis Competitive Advantage The early 1980s witnessed growth of theoretical studies surrounding the concept of competitive advantage with the objective of defining strategic goals of a business (Kak Sushil, 2002). A key writer on competitive advantage is Michael Porter (1985) who stated that the goal of all businesses is to achieve a competitive advantage in relation to its industry rivals. Porter (1980) developed the five forces model as a framework for analysing industry competitiveness. This model enabled managers to understand the external business environment, identify opportunities and threats, and allowed them to develop strategies to compete with industry rivals. The PEST analysis (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological) or PESTEL analysis (including Environmental and Legal factors) is another framework developed to allow managers understand the external environment. John Lewis Partnership PEST Analysis Political: Political stability, tax policy, environmental regulations Economic: Economic growth, inflation rates, unemployment rates, interest rates Social: Demographics, class structure, attitudes Technological: Technology incentives, RD activity, technological developments These are the key factors of the external environment that affect John Lewis based on the PEST analysis. Factors such as class structure and technological developments have a direct impact on the Partnership due to the nature of the business and because of its core customer base. Other factors such as political stability, economic growth and unemployment rates have a greater impact on the retail industry and influence consumer buying behaviour. It is fair to conclude that the Partnership as responded effectively to changes in the external environment based on considering the activities of the business. Industry rivalry has witnessed a shift in core business activities from traditional methods suc h as bricks and mortar and high street store to bricks and clicks where stores also have an online presence. The partnership adopted an online presence in 2001 and has since witness rapid sales and profit growth as a result. According to Porter (1985), merely achieving a competitive advantage is not enough for long term success but rather developing a strategy that allows for creating and sustaining a superior competitive advantage is essential for long term business success. Porter (1980), also states that a sustainable competitive advantage is one which is difficult to duplicate and allows a firm to gain higher profits than its rivals. Acquiring and sustaining a competitive advantage can be seen as the primary strategic aim of a firm in todays dynamic business environment (Beirnat, 2004). Heerkens (2006), states that the following elements are required to enable a firm to develop an effective competitive strategy: A firm must clearly define itself in terms of its basis fo r competing, and its standards for measuring its success. A firm must develop a methodical understanding of its internal strengths and weaknesses. A firm must evaluate its strengths and weaknesses and specifically focusing on its position relative to the external business environment. A company must develop policies and methods to communicate information to all areas within the business. Buttle (2007) stresses the importance of understanding a firms internal environment and building on unique capabilities for gaining a competitive advantage. The SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) was developed as s tool for analysing the internal and external environment. It provides a firm with useful information for matching its resources and capabilities to the environment in which it operates. It is argued that successful strategies depend on accumulating competencies and exploiting them by matching these competencies to the market opportunities (Kak Su shil, 2002). Identifying a firms core competences is the key to making this connection. [See Appendix 5 for John Lewis SWOT Analysis] Core competencies Core competencies are often described as a collection skills and resources that enable a firm to add value to its business operations (Porter, 1980). Kak and Sushil (2002), state that a firms organisational learning, effective technology management, and people provide important sources of core competences. The effective management of such resources and the ability to link between a firms resources and business strategy can be considered as key for sustaining a competitive advantage (Slack et al, 2006). Heerkens (2006), suggest a firms core competences should possess the following five characteristics in order to add maximum value to its operations: They should provide a firm with an opportunity to gain access to a wide variety of products and markets. They should be capable of contributing in a demonstrative way to the benefits of end products, as perceived by customers and they are able to impact what customers care about. They should make a company unique in compariso n to industry rivals. They should be difficult for competitors to duplicate. They are should be stable and sustainable. It is fair to suggest that the core competences in the case of John Lewis are its employees (Partners). The Partnerships unique structure means that each partner has a vested interested in the success of the business. They strive at serving customers to the best of their abilities to ensure customer leave with a memorable and pleasurable experience thus strengthening the brand of the business and instilling customer loyalty. These are intangible core competence which can prove difficult to measure and manage. As a result, rival firms have found it difficult to replicate such a competency and this is evident when considering industry market share figures and customer satisfaction surveys. It is argued that this strategy has proved successful to the Partnership and has resulted in long lasting relationships with customers crossing generations. The Partner ships outlets can be considered as tangible or physical competencies. The Partnership has carefully selected the locations of its large multifunctional outlets in popular busy cities to focus their efforts towards their core customer base. Oxford Street is the location of their head office branch and with 3 other outlets in London, 3 in Scotland and many other outlets across England and Wales. It is fair to suggest that these outlets have been strategically placed at busy upmarket locations to maximise their sale potential. Arguably, the added value created by the Partnerships core competences can also be regarded as it distinctive capabilities because these attributes characterise the business and has given the Partnership a competitive advantage superior to that of its rivals. Competing retailers have attempted to replicate these capability but arguably have not witness equal measures of success as John Lewis, Generic Strategy Model Porter (1980), states that a firm can achieve a competitive advantage either by selling its products and services at a lower price or by differentiating its products and services. This calls for an understanding of Michael Porters generic strategies model. The model identifies 3 distinctive strategies as sources of a competitive advantage: Cost Leadership Strategy, Differentiation Strategy and Focus Strategy. [See Appendix 6 for Generic Strategies] It is fair to suggest that John Lewis has implemented a hybrid strategy which includes elements of a focus strategy and a differentiation strategy. Their strategy is deemed a focus strategy in terms their core middle class customer base instead of aiming their product to the mass market. Arguably, this is because of the type of products the retailer is offering to its customer and due to the price of their products which are often higher than competition. The Partnership believes that their higher prices are justified and that their c ustomers do not just benefit from a transaction but leave with a memorable experience. It is fair to suggest that this strategy has been successful for the business when considering their sale figures as the Partnerships sales were up ÂÂ £204.7m, 3%, to ÂÂ £6.97bn at the end of 2009. Notably, the Partnerships online operations witnessed a sales increase of ÂÂ £64.8m, 24.2% to ÂÂ £332.9m. Differentiation is another strategic direction the business strives towards. One way in which this is achieved is by ensuring that their Partners receive extensive product knowledge training in order to answer almost any possible question their customer may have about their products. Another way in which this is achieved is in their efforts in satisfying their customers. They strive at providing their customers with the best possible service and setting their standards above what they perceived to be satisfactory within the industry they operate. It is fair to suggest that the y have been successful in their efforts as they their online business, John Lewis Direct was voted best online retailer of the year by Which in May 2010. The Partnerships sister company Waitrose was also voted best supermarket of the year in September 2010, for a second year running. Murray (1988), states that the Porters generic strategies concept is disappointing because it does not explain how any generic strategies can be implementing, it is confusing and it disfavours practicing managers by advocating limitations to adopting a single generic strategy where no empirical evidence exist to support such a limitation. He argues that the contingency approach is a way of overcoming such limitations associated with Porters generic strategy model as it dismisses the perception of limiting oneself to a single strategy and it also demonstrates that each generic strategy is associated with a cluster of generic means. This argument and other alternative theories must be explored in gr eater detail by researchers and decision makers to gain a truly holistic perspective on current strategic thinking. It is of value exploring contrary conceptual frameworks and supporting theories in order to gain a true understanding of the study area and for discerning which concepts and theories can be applied practically to a satiation or a unique business. Value Chain Organisational planning and control often focus on the performance of several different business functions within a firm (Buttle, 2007). Porters value chain analysis is a common way of displaying these business functions and is a useful framework to analyse specific activities which enable a firm to create value and ultimately develop a competitive advantage (Heerkens, 2006). The framework displays a sequence of business functions from which a firm can add value to its operations through various primary and support activities (Porter, 1985). [See Appendix 7 for Value Chain] Porter (1980), states that the value chain model is a useful tool for analysing a firms core competences and identifying its distinctive capabilities. Heerkens (2006) suggests that the successful management of value chain activities involves the management of the outcomes with an awareness of inputs, rigorous management of the several channels and flows, and the management of relationships which include: inte rnal relationships, business relationships and customer relationships. In the case of John Lewis, it can be argued that service is the businesses core primary activity with marketing and sale being secondary. This assessment is based on their applied differentiation strategy from porters generic strategies model where interactions with their customer are at the centre of their business philosophy. It is fair to suggest that service ensures customer satisfaction and customer retention for the Partnership whilst sales and marketing facilitates continued profit and growth for the business which will ultimately benefit their partners who are the owners of the business and receive a percentage of the profits the business generates. The partnership has two key support activities which complement its primary activities. It can be argued that the Partnership Human Resource Management through recruitment and selection practices ensures that the business attracts and retains high standa rds within its workforce. It is in the best interest of the business to employ individuals with the passion and drive for success and who will also adopt the spirit of the Partnership in order to maintain its strong reputation and high standards. Technology developments such as having an online presence is said to be another means adopted by the Partnership to exploit its core competencies. Mintel reports states that the Partnerships online presence has grown from strength to strength since its initial introduction in 2001. Arguably, the Partnership is using their website as a mean to not only reach customer in remote location but also to target their marketing and sales activities and increase the growth potential. Conclusion The strategic direction of a firm is one of great importance to managers in todays business environment. Michael Porter provides several conceptual frameworks which support decision makers in understanding their internal and external environment as well as evaluating potential threats and possible opportunities. Key theorists within the study area discuss Porters Generic Strategies Model and Value Chain Model as exhibiting essential characteristics in understanding a firms activities and exploiting core competencies. In the case of the John Lewis Partnership, Porters theories have provided valuable information to facilitate the understanding of the business and the environment in which it operates. Gaining such an understanding will allow decision makers not only to measure and control performance but also develop and implement future strategies to ensure continued growth for the business. It is of value to explore alternative conceptual frameworks in addition to Porters theo ries when conducting research in the study area to enable a truly holistic perspective on future studies and to mitigate any limitations associated with past theories and isolated or abstract theoretical deductions. References Beirnat, J. E., 2004. Strategic management: Text Cases. 1st ed. New York: McGraw Hill. Boddy, David., 2005. Management: An Introduction. 3rd ed. London: Prentice Hall. Businessballs, (2008). Learning and Development Resource. [Online] Available from World Wide Web: https://www.businessballs.com [accessed 13 October, 2010] Buttle, Francis., 2007. Customer Relationship Management: Concepts and Tools. 3rd ed, Netherlands: Elsevier Ltd. Debenhams (2001), [Online] Available from World Wide Web: https://www.debenhams.com/ [accessed 13 October, 2010] Dyche, Jill., 2002. The CRM Handbook: A Business Guide to Customer Relationship Management. 1st ed. Canada: Addison Wesley. Heerkens, Gary., 2006. The Business Savvy Project Manager: Indispensable Knowledge and Skills for Success. 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. House of Fraser (1999), [Online] Available from World Wide Web: https://www.houseoffraser.co.uk/ [accessed 13 October, 2010] John Lewis Direct (2001), [Online] Available from World Wide Web: https://www.johnlewis.com [accessed 13 October, 2010] John Lewis Partnership (2002), [Online] Available from World Wide Web: https://www.johnlewispartnership.co.uk/ [accessed 13 October, 2010] Kak, Anjana., and Sushil., 2002. Understanding Flexibility in Supply Chains: A Conceptual Framework and Models. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, Vol. 3, (4), pp. 23-38 Keynote (2007). The Home of Market Intelligence, [Online] Available from World Wide Web: https://www.keynote.co.uk [accessed 13 October, 2010] Marks and Spencer (1999), [Online] Available from World Wide Web: https://www.marksandspencer.com/ [accessed 13 October, 2010] Mintel (2007), Consumer and Market Insight, [Online] Available from World Wide Web: https://academic.mintel.com [accessed 13 October, 2010] Murray, I., Alan., 1988. A Contingency View of Porters Generic Strategies. The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 13, (3), pp. 390-400 NetNBA (2002), Business Knowledge Resource, [Online] Available from World Wide Web: https://www.netmba.com/ [accessed 13 October, 2010] Porter, E., Michael., 1980. Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. New York: The Free Press. Porter, E., Michael., 1985. Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. 1st ed. New York: The Free Press. QuickMBA (1999), Online Knowledge Resource, [Online] Available from World Wide Web: https://www.quickmba.com/ [accessed 13 October, 2010] Rowson, Pauline., 2009. Successful Marketing: Get Brilliant Results Fast. 1st ed. London: Crimson Publishing. Slack, Nigel., Chanbers, Stuart., Johnston, Robert., 2010. Operations Management. 6th ed. London: Prentice Hall Appendix 1 Partnership Seven Principles The Partnerships Seven Principles which define the business (John Lewis Partnership, 2002): Purpose: The purpose of the Partnership is the ultimate happiness of its members. This is through their worthwhile and satisfying employment in a successful business. The Partnership is owned in trust for its members who share the responsibilities of ownership of the business as well as its profit rewards, knowledge and power sharing. Power: There are three main governing authorities within the Partnership who share power; the Partnership Council, the Partnership Board and the Chairman. Profit: The aim of the Partnership is to make acceptable profit from its trading operations to sustain its commercial presence, to finance its continued development and to distribute a share of its profits to its members each year. The profits also enable the Partnership to undertake other activities consistent with the aims of the business. Members: The aim of the Partnership is to employee indiv iduals of ability and integrity who are committed to working together and ultimately to supporting the principles of the Partnership. Relationships are based on mutual respect and courtesy, with equality between its members as differences of responsibility permit. The aim of the Partnership is to recognise each individuals contributions and to reward them fairly. Customers: The aim of the Partnership is to deal honestly with its customers and to secure their loyalty and trust by providing excellent choice, value and service. Business Relationships: The aim of the Partnership is to conduct all its business relationships with integrity and courtesy and to honour accurately every business agreement. The Community: The aim of the Partnership is to obey with spirit and the letter of the law and to contribute to the wellbeing of the communities in which the Partnership operates. Appendix 2 Corporate Social Responsibility (John Lewis Partnership, 2002) Principles Shared Responsibility: The Partnerships unique structure means that its members share the responsibilities of ownership and benefit from its rewards. The aim of the Partnership is to develop and implement social and environmental policies which fit in with its members everyday responsibilities and activities. Honesty and Accountability: The democratic ownership structure means sharing power, profit and knowledge. The Partnership communicates its environmental policies, objectives and performance openly and honestly to its partners and to others who share an interest in the business activities, including customers and suppliers. The Partnership encourages them to communicate with the business and continuously seek their views. Sustainable Progress: The Partnership is committed to improving its performance. They take into account technical developments, changing scientific evidence, costs and customer concerns and expectations in the development and implementation of all new so cial and environmental policies and procedures. They monitor their performance, set regular objectives for improvements and report business progress. Demonstrable Compliance: The Partnership guarantees to meet all relevant legislation and exceed where possible. Where no legislation exists they aim to develop and implement their own appropriate working practices and business standards. Programmes Environment: The aim of the Partnership is take all reasonable steps to manage its operations so as to minimise the environmental impact and to promote good environmental practice. They set and follow high standards in food production, quality and safety. They promote responsible and sustainable methods of agriculture, animal husbandry and biodiversity; and review regularly the business practices and performance to identify how they can improve their energy efficiency, minimise packaging and reduce water usage, waste disposal and air emissions. Relationships: They will conduct their business relationships with integrity and courtesy, and honour all trading commitments. Their aim is to build long-term relationships with suppliers and provide support for small, local, specialist producers. The Partnership is committed to trading fairly with all it suppliers, and will communicate their responsible sourcing expectations to them in the areas of health, safety and worker welfare, sust ainable and profitable agriculture, high animal welfare standards, biodiversity and good environmental practice. Communities: They aim to build lasting relationships with their customers, suppliers and the local communities by encouraging Partners to consider the needs of others and involve themselves in public service. They obtain a wide range of views on their social and environmental policies and performance. Partners: They will respect their Partners and encourage individual training and development. They will promote equality as differences in responsibilities permit and consider the interests of their Partners including their welfare, health and safety. The aim of the Partnership is to empower Partners and they will recognise individual contributions and reward Partners fairly. Their ultimate aim is the happiness of its members through their worthwhile and satisfying employment in a successful business Appendix 3 Marks and Spencer plc Marks and Spencer is a leading clothing retailer in the UK and a major operator in the grocery sector. The retailer operates 600 stores in the UK and 300 stores internationally in over 40 territories. The company has witnessed a rapid recovery within the retail sector under the management of Stuart Rose until a more subdued second half of 2007/08 (Mintel, 2007). According to Keynote reports, Marks and Spencer has made promising progress towards resurrection in recent years. This has been achieved by re-establishing its style and value credentials through improvements to product offer, price positioning, stores and marketing. Other improvements to cost controls and buying have helped sales and profit margins Chart 2: Marks and Spencer market share 2003 2007 (Mintel, 2007) The chart shows a steady increase of market share for Marks and Spencer from 2003 to 2007 with the exception of 2007 as the retailer lost market share. This could have been due to a global economic crisis resulting in changes in consumer spending behaviours. Debenhams plc Debenhams is a leading UK department store chain with a greater preference to fashion than home products. The store has differentiated itself through a large portfolio of private labels, including popular designers at Debenhams ranges. International franchising is a small but rapidly growing part of the retailers business. Debenhams has 153 stores across the UK and Ireland and a fully transactional website, reflecting Debenhams commitment to offering customer greater value, a wider choice and excellent service across every area in which it operates. Chart 3: Debenhams market share 2003 2007 (Mintel, 2007) The chart shows the market share activity for Debenhams from 2003 to 2007. There appears to have been some steady growth for the retailer from 2003 to 2005, however, they suffered a loss in 2006 and struggled to regain their position as there was no market share changes from 2006 to 2007. House of Fraser Ltd House of Fraser is one of the oldest department stores in the UK. The department store was founded in Glasgow, Scotland in 1749. Mintel reports state that the department store had lost its way in the new millennium resulting in repositioning itself as a premium brand under its new owners, the Highland Group in November 2006. The early signs appear promising, but it is argued that many question marks remain. House of Fraser has 62 stores across the UK and Ireland and a fully transactional website. The retailer offers luxurious items at affordable prices; from beauty essentials to home accessories. The premium department store strives to offer its customers an enjoyable and pleasant shopping experience both, online and in store. Chart 4: House of Fraser market share 2003 2007 (Mintel, 2007) The chart shows the market share activity for House of Fraser from 2003 to 2007. It is fair to suggest that the retailer has struggled relatively more to retain customers and generally maintain growth across this period. The retailer lost market share between 2003 and 2004, it then grew market share in 2005. However, this was short lived as there appeared to be a steady decline from 2005 to 2007 with 2007 displaying the lowest market share figures for the retailer during that period. Appendix 4 Industry Trends Department stores operate in several different product markets which make the business more complex than specialist formats. However, it is argued that having such a variation of products offer a measure of protection to the business (Mintel, 2007). Keynote reports suggest that demand for core department store products like clothing, brown goods and personal care products were strong during the five years leading up to 2007. Despite this many department stores failed to capitalise fully on the boom times and lost market share to industry rivals. The financial crisis of 2008/09 has resulted in a change in customer spending patterns. Industry reports suggest that customers have favoured lower ticketed items for themselves and their homes over discretionary purchases such as furniture, brown and white goods. As a result, department stores have found it increasingly difficult to compete with specialist operators like clothing or electrical retailers. Many retailers have responded by narrowing their product offering whilst others have focused their efforts on customer retention and reviewed their pricing policies. Mintel reports state that the retail market has witnessed a 0.5% sales reduction in 2009 and predict that this trend will carry over into 2013. They state that the winners in the department store sector will be those that can adapt best to their customers changing needs, earn their loyalty and trust and at the same time keep a tight rein on cost and working capital. Figure 1: Consumer Confidence Index, Jan 2006-Oct 2008 (Mintel, 2007) Figure 1 shows a decline in consumer confidence, which was accelerated in July 2008. It is argued that this was a result of an increase in prices such as utility bills and the news that inflation was continuing to rise. Mintel sources suggest that a less confident consumer is more likely to cut back on discretionary spending which will have a direct impact on department stores especially those operating in the middle market like John Lewis and Marks and Spencer. Figure 2: UK GDP growth, 1989-2008 (Mintel, 2007) Figure 2 shows the lowest growth rate since the last recession. This supports the argument that the external environment is having a direct impact on consumer behaviour and ultimately affecting the British economy. Figure 3 displays the sales and market share figures for the key department store competing within the middle market sector. The figures for both sales and market share support the argument that Mark and Spencer is the clear leader within the industry. This is no surprise when considering the number of outlets Mark and Spencer has compared with the other department stores especially John Lewis. However, John Lewis has 1/3 of the number of outlets compared with House of Fraser and almost 1/6 of the amount of outlets compared to Debenhams and has a higher sales and market share figure compare to both department stores. It would be fair to suggest that John Lewis is doing exceptionally well among its industry competition even against Marks and Spencer when considering al l the figures together. Appendix 5 John Lewis Partnership SWOT Analysis Strengths: The Partnership has a strong reputation amongst its customers resulting in strong customer loyalty; there is an underlying perception of value for products and services allowing for higher premiums in product prices; an online presence enables the Partnership to compete amongst industry rivals and reach customer in remote locations. Weaknesses: The Partnership has a very large selection of product from small electrical items to large white good and furniture items making it difficult to compete with specialist retailers; the Partnership only has department store within the UK unlike some of its rivals. Opportunities: The Partnerships website is used to increase marketing activities and online sales; the partnership has recently expanded its product offering into the financial services market by introducing John Lewis insurance which has proved successful suggesting that further growth in this area to be advantageous; the partnership recently introduced its value ra nge which has proved successful thus attracting a new customer base and increasing market share. Threats: The competitive rivalry within the retail industry from small family business to large multinational firm and direct competition from other department stores to specialist retailers; the UK retail market has been affected by economic changes and economic concerns through the credit crunch; Changes in consumer spending behaviours require further market analysis and as technology develops consumer buying patterns change which will result in product areas requiring evaluation. Appendix 6 Porters Generic Strategies Target Scope Advantage Low Cost Product Uniqueness Broad (Industry Wide) Cost Leadership Strategy Differentiation Strategy Narrow (Market Segment) Focus Strategy (low cost) Focus Strategy (differentiation) Cost Leadership: The aim of this strategy is to sell products and service at the lowest price in the industry. This strategy is effective if a firm can command prices close to industry averages and without having to give away the cost advantage by discounting prices. Differentiation: The aim of this strategy is to make a product or service unique so as to be perceived as better value to customers when compared with industry rivals. The concept of value can be considered tangible as in product characteristic or intangible like company image and brand recognition. Focus: This aim of this strategy is to adopt a narrow competitive scope in the industry. This can be achieved by targeting specific market segments such as customers with unique requirements or within a geographical location. Alternatively, cost focus is acquiring specialised machinery that can handle specific market needs effectively like creating short product runs.

BND 9 IELTS: How to Write an Essay Sample

<h1>BND 9 IELTS: How to Write an Essay Sample</h1><p>BND 9 IELTS: How to Write an Essay Sample On the ninth IM Tasks, you have just finished the entirety of the errands related with your test arrangement, including discovering IELTS practice material. The first of these undertakings is presently to glance through the huge cluster of IELTS course books for tests of article themes that can be utilized as test expositions for your last exam.</p><p></p><p>The 'BND'Blue Book' versions are extremely useful in that they give an unadulterated record of the subject subjects of every one of the IELTS classes and test classifications. You will discover instances of article points on a wide scope of subjects, including Music, Language, Reading, Speaking, Writing, Multilingual, Oral Communication, Technical, and General Knowledge. These examples are ideal for novices who need to attempt to improve their composing capacity before proceeding onward to all t he more testing topics.</p><p></p><p>The BND will likewise remember areas for some article models from past adaptations of the IELTS tests. This is of specific worth in the event that you need to contrast earlier long periods of training tests and current example essays.</p><p></p><p>Because BND releases frequently do exclude the more seasoned IELTS tests, they might be hard to use as a reason for your up and coming practice tests. BND versions here and there even don't contain test tests from the tests on which they were based. In any case, on the off chance that you are investigating old adaptations of your IELTS schedule, it is normally conceivable to utilize a re-showed test as a layout for a test that you can work on utilizing to plan for your IELTS exam.</p><p></p><p>However, there are some IELTS planning guides that do join the more seasoned IELTS tests. These manuals might be more solid than BND versions since they will in general incorporate genuine practice tests from the occasions when they were the most current.</p><p></p><p>The BND will furnish you with a short outline of the style rules of each IELTS class, and you will likewise figure out how to structure your test questions and utilize the different subtopics. This area of the book will assist you with concluding how to structure your test exposition and will help you in responding to any inquiries regarding sentence structure or the utilization of solitary and plural forms.</p><p></p><p>One thing that numerous BND versions neglect is that you ought to consistently complete the example articles before proceeding onward to the most troublesome IELTS errands. By doing this, you won't just guarantee that you have learned and polished all the data in the example articles, yet you will likewise abstain from burning through your time attempting to respond to an excessive number of i nquiries in the test that you have just been given answers to.</p><p></p><p>Another interesting point on the off chance that you are utilizing the BND version of the book is whether it contains test tests from the test on which it was based. This is essential to know whether you are hoping to contrast the consequences of past tests and the IELTS practice tests that you should take to get ready for your up and coming exam.</p>

Examples of Research Paper Topics

<h1>Examples of Research Paper Topics</h1><p>There are numerous extraordinary instances of research paper subjects. Insofar as you have an essential comprehension of what you're expounding on, you ought to have the option to build up a thought of where to begin.</p><p></p><p>One acclaimed contextual investigation is that of the 'Songbird'. This melody has been broadly cited for a considerable length of time is as yet heard today in different nations. It recounts to the account of how Prince Frederick of Prussia, whose primary explanation behind making this tune was to praise his significant other Queen Victoria of England, composed the tune. It was later utilized by British soldiers, to commend the 1788 triumph over the French. The melody itself is about how a dependable worker of his sovereign would bite the dust for her in battle.</p><p></p><p>Once you have a portion of this foundation data, you should take a gander at a portion of the more mainstream kinds of music or occasions that have a significant topic. For instance, you can discover a wide range of kinds of military subjects, including:</p><p></p><p>eulogy - A sonnet that is devoted to the expired. Instances of these eventual Beethoven's Ode to Joy, Ralph Waldo Emerson's 'Tribute to myself', Ralph Waldo Emerson's 'A Whirlwind Voyage' and various others. On the off chance that you don't care for verse, you can likewise consider one of different instances of research paper themes, similar to a home video, diary, film content or even a poem.</p><p></p><p>Funeral - Funerals are consistently a captivating subject. Consider memorial service sonnets or songs. These will assist you with composing a paper that doesn't appear as though you're composing an essay.</p><p></p><p>Anthology - Using a collection as an examination paper theme is very normal. For instance, one can cons ider a major assortment of chronicled archives in a 'puzzle.' Use the compilations you're keen on, or make up your own utilizing books from your library or zone bookstore.</p><p></p><p>Essay - Writing an article as an examination paper theme is normal. On the off chance that you like composition for a group of people, you should attempt paper themes like:</p>

What Everybody Is Saying About Lower Isee Essay Samples Is Wrong and Why

<h1> What Everybody Is Saying About Lower Isee Essay Samples Is Wrong and Why </h1> <p>Unique schools need different tests, so make a point to check with the school you're applying to about which tests they require. The scope of understudies testing at a site will change by school. For example, you may select to expound on your experience on the inside school math group. On the off chance that your test was rescheduled to a date you may join in, no additional activity is required. </p> <p>Explain your responsibilities, and you will be the sort of understudy universities find gigantically appealing. Understudies have occupied existences and as often as possible disregard a coming cutoff time. The understudies are given 30-minutes to offer a composed response to one. Understudies and guardians may likewise learn all the more with respect to how the tests are scored so they can get ready for their outcomes. </p> <p>The ISEE Lower Level practice test pack will comprise of reasonable practice tests and valuable examination guides, permitting your child to get familiar with the test structure. These totally free on-line ISEE practice tests may likewise assist you with creating a customized investigation manage by lighting up the specific subjects on which you should give your examination time. Contact Varsity Tutors today for more data about how to expand your ISEE score. </p> <p>The ISEE practice test pack comprises of sensible practice tests and helpful hints, permitting your child to get acquainted with the test structure. In this way, it's imperative to prepare for the tests and do your absolute best. The ISEE test gives an ordinary assessment of every candidate's aptitudes along with positioning of capacities and accomplishments as opposed to different candidates. Then again, the total Practice Tests gracefully the additional advantage of helping you focus on your audit by giving you which ideas you've just aced, and the ideas on which you should invest more energy. </p> <h2>Characteristics of Lower Isee Essay Samples </h2> <p>It is conceivable to likewise discover an assortment of limits on our site which will assist you with saving some more cash for future requests or anything you need to spend them on. There are various web assets out there for those looking to get ready for the SSAT. In secondary school, you should c hoose the kind of subject you'll be in a situation to delve into that is, you should make a point to can go over enough information on the control. Presently to go to certain systems and thoughts for how to move toward each brief. </p> <h2>What You Don't Know About Lower Isee Essay Samples </h2> <p>Colleges are scanning for a sentiment of development and introspectionpinpoint the change and show your private development. Likewise, remember that you'll bring to the table some true proof for your sentiment (all things considered, any scholastic paper should be bolstered by scholastically perceived sources), consequently don't go for subjects which are simply stubborn and don't have any chance of support. </p> <p>The thought process of your article is essential to be considered as it can recognize whether it is conceivable to be of help to the people who need a particular instructive reference. The point will most likely concern something that you're keen on and educated about, yet in any case, it despite everything requires some push to put your words down on paper, in a style that is scholastically exact. At that point, in the end, reword your key focuses and stretch out something new to the peruser, such as depicting how this theme will affect your activities later on. Be that as it may, you may consistently keep in touch with one dependent on the manner in which you see a specific topic of conversation or the manner in which you decipher an occasion or some different subjects. </p> <p>Essays aren't intended to be used as continuous flow composing, yet are expected to contain scholarly, formal composing styles. A scholastic paper constantly should be applicable. Your s cholarly paper ought to bring out a feeling that is expected to start various thoughts, assessments and different sorts of reactions. Continuously remember that it should be fun loving it must not exhaust your crowd. </p> <p>Individual schools some of the time need supplemental articles. Thus, it's imperative to guarantee your secondary school entrance paper is efficient. There are someA a minute ago exposition writingA exercises that are done in a few fields particularly if understudies feel a scholarly paper is just piece of their necessities. The course materials which you require to talk about inside a scholarly exposition can mirror your level of comprehension about the issue. </p>

The Low Down on During the Revision Phase for an Informative Essay a Writer Should Brainly Revealed

<h1> The Low Down on During the Revision Phase for an Informative Essay a Writer Should Brainly Revealed</h1> <h2> Ok, I Think I Understand During the Revision Phase for an Informative Essay a Writer Should Brainly, Now Tell Me About During the Revision Phase for an Informative Essay a Writer Should Brainly! </h2> <p>Exercise 3 Visit your library's site or counsel a reference administrator to set up what periodicals files or databases would be useful for your exploration. Print assets join a tremendous scope of records and distributions. Regardless of what profession way you expect to seek after, periodicals databases are some of the time a down to earth instrument for investigating explicit themes and distinguishing periodicals that will permit you to remain educated about the most current news in your industry. Print lists might be accessible in the periodicals part of your library. </p> <h2> Where to Find During the Revision Phase for an I nformative Essay a Writer Should Brainly</h2> <p>After distinguishing an amazing general subject, you, as well, are good to go to proceed with the methodology. When you pick a theme, basic perusing is imperative to the development of a subject. As you select your subject, responding to these inquiries can permit you to return to the thoughts you as of now have and create new strategies to think about your theme. Also, don't think about update as simply rephrasing. </p> <h2> The Definitive Approach for During the Revision Phase for an Informative Essay a Writer Should Brainly </h2> <p>You could likewise find aspects of the point that are new to you and that you couldn't imagine anything better than to discover progressively about. For example, you could utilize understanding and perceptions to create a theme connected to your course examines. Appreciate the strategy for depicting the subjectit might be remunerating experience. At long last, coming up next is a fabulous standard to follow. </p> <h2>During the Revision Phase for an Informative Essay a Writer Should Brainly for Dummies </h2> <p>Each section comprises of a string of little thoughts that make a small scale movement, yet every passage is likewise part of the all out movement of the paper. Decision assumes a huge job in getting the perusers impression in case of articles. You may consistently come back to make the presentation later. While the proposal is obviously an essential component, that doesn't connote that the rest of the absolute first passage is only a holder for the proposition. </p> <h2> Life After During the Revision Phase for an Informative Essay a Writer Should Brainly</h2> <p>These approaches will permit you to get the most profit by your perusing, with the base work. Since composing is a roundabout technique, you don't direct everything in some specific buy. Before you fret about creation something sou nd better, first ensure that you've introduced the absolute best movement of thoughts. Begin searching for places where you've utilized exactly the same word or expression twice or more in continuous sentences and quest for elective ways to deal with state precisely the same thing OR for strategies to join the 2 sentences. </p> <p>If you comprehend what you need from a short article, and perceive its sort, you can get subtleties from it rapidly and productively. Knowing the most-utilized terms can assist you with boosting your catchphrase search. At the point when you have delivered a rundown of decisions, look about your thoughts. For example, on the off chance that you plug great into a thesaurus search, you'll be given 14 one of a kind sections. </p> <p>In case you're uncertain to pay an individual to form your paper, investigate different features of our sites or contact our help group for any additional rules. Ask yourself whether the asset fulfills your prerequisites, and endeavor to work out on the off chance that it will offer you the ideal amount of information. After you know your motivation, you can break down the asset to check whether it will help you. Regardless of the business you work in, you may be approached to help in creating materials for distribution. </p> <h2> The 30-Second Trick for During the Revision Phase for an Informative Essay a Writer Should Brainly</h2> <p>Reading Reading assumes a significant job in all the phases of the creative cycle, yet regardless, it first figures in the development of recommendations and points. Composing regularly comes simpler when you are in control of an individual connection to the theme you've picked. Altering for content is the underlying advance. </p> <h2> Top During the Revision Phase for an Informative Essay a Writer Should Brainly Choices</h2> <p>The impact of result in the few sorts of circumstances and end results could d iffer and in this way you should have a perfectly clear handle of the circumstances and end results that you're going to make reference to in your paper. It might be a few makes driving an impact or one reason bringing about numerous outcomes or it may be a chain of occasions identified with each other. It is urgent to recall that at some point, numerous causes bring about a solitary impact or numerous impacts may really be from 1 reason. Grant yourself in the first place disorder. </p> <p>The following is a clarification of the act of writing in a direct and reasonable manner. Following that, refine your contentions and proof, your depictions, and all the subtleties, so they give a sentiment of the composing being of a solitary piece, or an entirety. This gigantic vertical space allows all individuals space to storm at exactly the same time, yet you may need to duplicate down the outcomes onto paper later. One is that should you change just as you participate, you can't get the chance to consider the immense picture. </p> <h2> The New Angle On During the Revision Phase for an Informative Essay a Writer Should Brainly Just Released</h2> <p>Coming up with counterarguments likewise offers an opportunity to extend your thought of a specific segment of your evidence, and may assist you with building up your contention and raise your paper's adequacy. Before you begin composing, it is important to make a layout with the examination that you may have done about the subject. The makers of these distributions expect that almost the entirety of their perusers are as of now familiar with the most significant subject of the diary. In light of your article's structure, there may be various strategies for sorting out it. </p>

Essay Writing Funny - How to Write Funny

<h1>Essay Writing Funny - How to Write Funny</h1><p>Essay composing interesting is significantly simpler than one may might suspect. The correct point is obviously the most significant interesting point. The capacity to record amusing goes to a couple of various things, including having a unique and intriguing theme that will cause the peruser to sit up and take notice.</p><p></p><p>The fundamental pieces of a decent paper composing interesting incorporate the point itself, yet in addition how you present your subject in the article. There are numerous sorts of jokes recorded as a hard copy. The fundamental sort is a kind of joke or tale that is utilized as a turn of phrase in a story. The best part about this kind of paper composing amusing is that it is anything but difficult to compose, the crowd can comprehend it effectively, and they can tell a variety of things from the way that you have told a story.</p><p></p><p&g t;When composing jokes you need to abstain from utilizing words like that in the title of your article. In the event that the story is set in the present, utilizing those words could cause it to appear as though you are making a quip from a timeframe that is far away. Utilizing a story for a joke can likewise be troublesome in light of the fact that it requires a variety of abilities, including realizing when to utilize humor and when to adhere to a meaningful boundary among humor and too much.</p><p></p><p>When composing jokes, you need to keep away from an excess of earnestness and in truth you ought to maintain a strategic distance from mockery on the off chance that you need to have the option to compose entertaining. At the point when you are attempting to make a quip, it ought to be straightforward and perused. It ought to likewise be interesting without anybody specifically feeling offended.</p><p></p><p>Writing the article addi tionally necessitates that you have a couple of various thoughts going on the double. While composing the story, you should have the option to discuss a wide range of things. While you might be attempting to make a quip that could include numerous individuals and give them a sentiment of amusingness, simultaneously, you have to have a thought of what will occur later on, as well. Notwithstanding having the option to recount to a story and do it in a manner that is amusing, you additionally need to have a decent method of composing your exposition, which you can achieve through your sentence structure. When composing expositions, it is in many cases hard to ensure that you express what is on your mind, and that you make a decent language structure mistake. Your spelling is significant. This is the reason it is constantly a smart thought to recruit an expert author or educator to assist you with your paper writing.</p><p></p><p>Essay composing interesting addit ionally requires a ton of planning. You can't hope to have the option to compose interesting without anyone else. The best exhortation that I can give when you are initially starting to compose a story for a class, or to compose a particular sort of exposition, is to get an expert to support you. It is particularly useful in the event that you are attempting to compose a joke based essay.</p><p></p><p>Of course, on the off chance that you have ever attempted to compose a joke based exposition, at that point you realize that the best counsel you can offer is to let the thoughts stream from your head and to let your hands do the composition. At the point when you have some leisure time, attempt to begin composing and make it as interesting as could be expected under the circumstances. Do this and you will before long be recounting stories that have everybody laughing.</p>

Time Machine Essay Topics - the Story

<h1>Time Machine Essay Topics - the Story </h1> <p>In truth, it has ever been a MUST. Assemble any bits of history you're ready to discover and set them in sequential request on a protracted table and start to work starting there. Your theme is to a great extent reliant on the structure and length of the paper you ought to compose. Quickly include two or three extra articles for them to toss at the specific moment.</p> <p>All your composing should be easy to comprehend and follow for your crowd. To achieve this, make a framework before you begin composing. Generally, a structure of exposition contains three significant areas, at the end of the day, presentation, body, and end. When you finish your exploration notes you can start composing with certainty that you have the entirety of the pieces you ought to make a fabulous exposition. </p> <h2> The War Against Time Machine Essay Topics </h2> <p>Simple machines might be utilized to gain work less difficult and quicker. Compound machines are basically straightforward machines set with one another to cooperate. Instructions to start making a film. </p> <h2> Time Machine Essay Topics: the Ultimate Convenience!</h2> <p>To help the chances that you genuinely advantage by perusing a model paper, you ought to think about your own supposition. Basically give your peruser a keep going explanation on what you've been talking about so they can put off your article and be happy with what they have perused. Interruption might be utilized when restriction's view point is very solid and sound. Step by step instructions to make a paper article. </p> <p>Now it's an ideal opportunity to form your article. At the point when you're considering instances of articles at a site, explore all the messages that the paper supplies you with. You should pinpoint what you have to write in your exposition. Our model paper may likewise assist you with unde rstanding how to utilize different style of composing. </p> <p>You need to ensure your article isn't simply fascinating to peruse, but at the same time it's intensive and really useful for your peruser. What you try to instruct your peruser will pick the sort of your paper. There are continually energizing turns in pretty much any kind of story, which implies you should see them first while doing your paper composing research. </p> <p>You're ready to change the past or remember a crucial point in time or in case you're extremely inquisitive go later on. Arbitrarily pick a couple of sheets day by day, and have everyone in the class attempt to think about who is being depicted. The absolute first point to consider before beginning the new task is you're probably going to need to take as much time as necessary. Regardless of whether you don't have the chance to make a sublime paper or you're needing a limited quantity of help, our group are consistently available. </p> <p>These points make certain to make them take a gander at your articles. You might be having exposition subjects that are hard to inquire about or that require explore materials which aren't promptly advertised. You may need to settle on a reasonable subject for your article paper and you're running low on thoughts. Select your subjects astutely. </p> <p>Your own contribution with instances of articles empower you to interface with the writers' suppositions and you figure out how to form expositions moreover. Following are a couple of the exhorted human science article theme for those understudies that can't pick an extraordinary subject for their task. General review would join data that is covering the point for language exposition for an entire time explicit outline will simply talk about specific issues. A considerable lot of his interests remain legitimate. </p> <p>Our model paper journalists have satisfactory aptitudes in look into and approach the most ebb and flow explore materials and in this way you can be sure to discover the exposition you are scanning for in our database. In the event that any part or sentences wanders away from the objective of your exploration, at that point it should be wiped out from the last duplicate After you've picked your subject, you should decide the assets which are expec ted to flexibly you with the information you're searching for. Gaining admittance to our model papers is very basic and truly reasonable. Step by step instructions to create a work email. </p> <h2>Getting the Best Time Machine Essay Topics </h2> <p>Keep the procedure straightforward so the peruser can get past it in a touch of time, yet locate the all out idea. In this manner, it's better in the event that you apply the most straightforward terms the entirety existing apart from everything else. In order to portray all them, you need to know the method where it counts. The method for explore starts with the scope of a point which is fitting for your course or reason. </p> <h2>Time Machine Essay Topics Explained </h2> <p>Each of these sorts of paper is claimed by the classification of instructive exposition. In synopsis, composing isn't something which numerous people appreciate. Thinking of certain words on a piece of paper is among th e least complex things that everybody will ever do. Time travel is only one of the most entrancing subject in sci-fi. </p> <p>Most pundits concur that it is among the little number of showstoppers in the control of sci-fi. At a certain point almost every youngster's fantasy or sci-fi devotee's huge creative mind comprise of a time traveling to alter their past or to visit what's to come. Something different you're ready to consider when you're investigating composing that exposition, is you don't wish to go stuck utilizing only one sort of asset for your examination. You may likewise settle on any most recent research work that is fairly questionable to appeal the perusers to form factious exposition. </p>