Behind Closed Doors at WorldCom Essay

1.Two General Accounting employeesâ€Dan Renfroe and Angela Walterâ€made diary passages in the measure of $150 million and $171 million, separately, without definite help. It was noticed this was not strange at WorldCom. As you would see it, was this an appropriate bookkeeping practice? Clarify. In spite of the fact that this may not be strange for WorldCom, this is certifiably not a right bookkeeping practice. The manner in which the passages were made doesn't agree to the best possible record work on as per GAAP. Point by point support is a significant piece of offering help to a diary section and it clarifies the explanation or reason concerning why the diary passage was made. 2.Based on GAPP, depict the appropriateness or inappropriateness of discharging of $150 million in line cost collections in the Wireless division over Deloris DiCicco’s protests. Bolster your position utilizing the legitimate bookkeeping writing. When taught to decrease the Wireless Division’s line cost by $150 million because of reserve funds from the earlier period, DiCicco declined in light of the fact that there was no help for the section.  WorldCom would set up an altering passage every month to perceive the assessed cost of the period as period cost, by promoting the cost as an accumulated intrigue. As per GAAP, a detail cost must be accounted for as a cost on a company’s pay proclamation. WorldCom promoted the line cost, rather than expensing it and set it on the accounting report as a collected obligation instead of on the pay proclamation as a working cost. 3.On the subject of promoting line costs, study the method of reasoning remembered for CEO Scott Sullivan’s White Paper. In view of your own investigation of GAAP, clarify the legitimacy or inappropriateness of promoting line costs in the telecom business. In the White Paper introduced to the Board of Directors, the CEO Scott Sullivan upheld the choice to underwrite line costs. Sullivan given that the White Paper was in accordance with the company’s objective of keeping up solid development rate through expanding its capital speculation. The executives noticed that the treatment of the E/R beds as a benefit was not the slightest bit in any logical inconsistency of the meaning of an advantage according to FASB Concept Statement No. 6 which states, â€Å"Assets are likely future financial advantages acquired or constrained by a specific element because of past exchanges or events†. Be that as it may, according to GAAP, line costs must be accounted for as a cost in the company’s pay proclamation as these are fundamentally,â operating costs. It was placed in a critical position Sheet as an accumulated obligation instead of in the salary proclamation as a collected cost. This brought about dishonestly anticipating salary and benefits; and hiding enormous misfortunes by wrongly promoting the line costs. 4.Consider diary passage that perceived $35 million of income in 2001 from the EDS contract dependent on WorlCom’s desire that the five-year required combined least installment would not be met. In light of your own investigation of GAAP, disclose the respectability to inappropriateness of this diary section. This isn't in consistence with the arrangements of GAAP or SAB 101. Income ought not be perceived until it is acknowledged or gets feasible and earned. On the off chance that we followed this announcement the organization didn't have acknowledged income Furthermore, the punishment installments whenever authorized couldn't be paid till the year 2005 as expressed in the agreement. Additionally, the diary passage brought about perceiving income when it was not earned or acknowledged and along these lines, exaggerated the benefits. 5.Why do you think the experts for this situation, the vast majority of whom are CPA’s, would consent to record a material diary passage in opposition to their best proficient judgment? I imagine that as a rule representatives had the option to bend proclamations which follow GAAP rules. May workers were persuaded they were making the best decision and those that were reluctant to partake were neglected. The greater part of the material diary sections which were made in opposition to best judgment were so finished so as to veil the declining benefits and to show expanding benefits, which thusly would build stock costs. 6.In general, how does the job of Internal Auditing vary from the job of Independent (or External) Auditing? What is the job of Internal Auditing in a very much run partnership? When performed by inward reviewers, what is a budgetary review versus a working review? Do you think WorldCom’s Internal Audit Department was working as it ought to have been? Clarify. Inside examiners work inside an association and report to its review board of trustees or potentially executives. They help to structure the company’s arranging frameworks and help create explicit hazard the board approaches. Outside examiners are autonomous of the association they are evaluating. They report to the company’s investors. They give their accomplished supposition on the honesty of the company’s fiscal summaries and perform deal with a test premise to screen frameworks set up. Interior Auditingâ is intended to take a gander at the key dangers confronting the business and how the busines s is dealing with those dangers adequately. It for the most part brings about suggestions for development across offices. Inward evaluating is an autonomous, target affirmation and counseling movement intended to include esteem and improve an organization’s activities. It enables an association to achieve its goals by bringing an orderly, taught way to deal with assess and improve the viability of hazard the executives, control, and administration forms. A money related review is a review or assessment of the monetary announcing process, deciding the unwavering quality and uprightness of the budget summaries and readiness of such explanations. It likewise includes an examination of the interior controls identified with the account capacity of the undertaking. An operational review, then again, is a precise survey and assessment of an operational unit as far as its viability and proficiency of activities, achievement of its set down targets and objectives, and deciding its fittingness in the utilization of different assets. Unmistakably the WorldCom’s Internal Audit division was not working as it ought to have been. It was focusing just on operational reviews and thoroughly staying away from budgetary reviews. On the reason for cost-sparing, it obviously stayed away from any and each capacity which could cover with the job of the outer reviewers.

Americas Tv Role Model Essay Example For Students

Americas Tv Role Model Essay Americas TV Role ModelWhat America needs is a family like The Waltons, not families like The Simpsons at any rate as per President George Bush. An abnormal comment, given that one doesn't typically expect the President of the United States to pass decisions on TV dramatizations like The Waltons, let along animation shows like The Simpsons. The makers of The Simpsons rushed to react, by making Bart Simpson comment that the Simpson family was extremely simply like the Waltons family sitting tight for the finish of the downturn. The Waltons were a nonexistent rustic family trusting that the 30s wretchedness will end, while The Simpsons are a postmodern group of today. Both have a place with the inquisitive history of the American TV family. A history so integral to the past, present and eventual fate of American culture that nobody not in any case Presidential up-and-comers, can stand to disregard it. Prior to radio and TV, the family home was a space that could work in relative withdrawal from open life. In the exhortation manuals of Victorian occasions, the perfect working class home was one that protected ladies and youngsters from the shrewd impacts of the open circle. The temperances of frugality and personal development the kind of qualities Bush partners with the Waltons were a nineteenth century thought of easy street. In this vision of the family, men worked in the outside world and had the last say at home; ladies were to be shielded from the outside world yet dealt with the everyday business of the home and the bringing up of the kids. Obviously, things dislike that for some individuals, yet this was the perfect that the home manuals prohibited. Each great white collar class Victorian home tried to have a piano, and ladies should figure out how to play it show the youngsters to play it moreover. The piano was a humanizing impact, as far as anyone knows. With the ascent of commercialization, be that as it may, this changed. The phonograph, the radio lastly the TV supplanted the piano. The excellencies of frugality and personal growth offered approach to commercialization and the quest for relaxation for the good of its own. Traditionalists have consistently censured these progressions and required an arrival to the old ways, however present day private enterprise relies upon its customers to continue onward. Without this move in family life from frugality to spending and from personal development to utilization, the mechanical age may never have continued onward. In fact, the breakdown of the economy that created the arrival to frugality and order exemplified by The Waltons TV family occurred to a limited extent since industr ialism didnt very take off during the 20s. It was simply after the enormous extension of assembling that occurred during the war and the intentional endeavors to transform war creation into customer creation that the conditions were set for the sort of TV family we know today. The 50s saw a colossal blast in lodging development. Youthful couples who had required their lives to be postponed during the war got into home creation intensely. The time of rural euphoria had started. One of the new shopper innovations that filled the new rural homes was the TV. By 1955 about 65% of American homes had one. Like every new medium advances, it started by repeating the famous toll of the media it supplanted. Similarly as the early gramophone records were multiplications of famous music lobby tunes; early TV imitated well known radio shows. This is the primary period of any new media when it obtains and adjusts the arrangements of the old media. Not the entirety of the mainstream radio projects effectively made the change to TV. Father Knows Best, a notable TV circumstance satire of the fifties, was one program that survived the progress from radio to TV. Strangely, the ethnic radio sitcoms like AmosnAndy and Life with Luigi didn't. The overall population would tune in to, however not watch, minorities on TV. The Defeat of Napoleon in Russia EssayThe thought that the white working class family was the standard may have worked during the 50s, when it was generally white collar class individuals who claimed the TV sets, however it quit working in the late 60s. A progressively assorted TV crowd, checking out more conflictual times couldn't be so effectively fulfilled. The appropriate response was another sort of sitcom, spearheaded by Norman Lear. In All in the Family and other Lear appears, the contentions inside the TV crowd are all the more legitimately sensationalized on the screen. Television no longer has an unmistakably recognizable good community ground. The character of Archie Bunker an undeniable model for Homer Simpson is the exemplary model. To traditionalist manual watchers he was the saint of the show. To liberal, taught individuals he was the object of the joke. Television makers took in two things from All in the Family: that various segments of the crowd can hold very invers e perspectives about a similar character, and that the show can sensationalize the contention between their perspectives. Upbeat Days, the late 70s hit that defeated the late 60s style fierce comedies, changed the guidelines indeed. In a time exhausted of contention, Happy Days depended on sentimentality for the 50s when life was more straightforward and everybody got along pleasantly. Upbeat Days wasnt an incredible 50s of Father Knows Best, in any case. The character that knows best in Happy Days is the Fonz. With his cowhide coat, lubed back hair and cruiser, he was a tamed variant of Brandos character from The Wild One. Not, at this point a picture of the awful kid outcast, he was currently the pariah who utilizes his separation to assist the TV groups of Happy Days. This isn't the genuine 50s, however the 50s of TV memory, a cut-up of all the Tv pictures of the 50s, all joined back together in a parody design. Here the onces extremely separate universes of rocknroll and prime t ime TV are cut and combined. The Simpsons cuts and blends pictures of TV families from all times. The longhaired school transport driver in The Simpsons is an animation adaptation of the Fonz. The Simpsons empowers various types of watchers to relate to various characters, and it gets those characters from numerous different shows. Its accounts change massively relying upon the essayists and makers. Some are affectionately duplicated 50s style accounts of rural ordinariness. Some are radical postmodern 90s style farces of it. Some are strife dramatizations, some are profound quality plays of the sort advanced by M*A*S*H. The progressions made to the stock material of the sitcom in The Simpsons are educational. Homer has a work area work at the atomic force plant. He is certifiably not an industrial specialist like Fred Flintstone or Archie Bunker. The female characters are more completely created than Wilma Flintstone or Betty Rubble, and get story lines of their own. Female watchers are urged to relate to post women's activist female characters who stand up for themselves and play a functioning job by and large. While Bart is popular for his reserved demeanor to class, sister Lisa is a constant understudy. Youthful watchers can relate to being cool or being shrewd. White collar class guardians who esteem great habits and instruction can relate to Marg and Lisa; while Bart and Homer maintain a customary common laborers saying of an insubordinate youth followed by a conventionalist, non-fierce middle-age. Divided crowds, divided shows divided TV culture. George Bush might be nostalgic for The Waltons, however it wont be some time before government officials are nostalgic for the TV culture of The Simpsons. It is these thoughts that have made TV families dominate and set the model for real families when in the past these jobs were turned around. Todays families are minor pictures of the thoughts depicted through American TV.

The Fault in Our Stars Essay Topics and Answers

<h1>The Fault in Our Stars Essay Topics and Answers</h1><p>Your high schooler will adore their The Fault in Our Stars article points and answers since it recounts the internal activities of their heart, psyche and soul. It will engage, illuminate and encourage.</p><p></p><p>The understudy's announcement is a significant piece of the evaluation. It doesn't make a difference how you word it, if your announcement doesn't have any substance or is totally outside of any relevant connection to the issue at hand it will be viewed as a disappointment. The announcement must be sufficiently explicit to remain solitary however engaging enough to have the option to portray the understudy's understanding. Not exclusively should the understudy compose the announcement oneself, it ought to be looked into by a parent or watchman before accommodation to the teacher.</p><p></p><p>The Fault in Our Stars exposition subjects and answers ar e the reason for the last grade. There are no alternate ways with regards to exposition points and replies. On the off chance that an understudy can't create a decent paper subject and answer, that understudy should take a rest from composing and abandon that task. In addition to the fact that it is terrible for the understudy, it is additionally not useful for the evaluation. So make certain to painstakingly compose the article points and answers and your evaluations will mirror your efforts.</p><p></p><p>It's a smart thought to offer your understudy schoolwork help before they start the task. This will give the understudy some structure and direction and will give them a reasonable system to work from as they come. At the point when an understudy realizes they are following a specific succession of assignments and tailing it carefully will take them from understanding a riddle to addressing an inquiry, this encourages them to concentrate and remain focused. Regardless of whether they appear to be lost from the start, it will before long become clear what should be done and where they have to go.</p><p></p><p>Giving schoolwork help to an understudy can likewise fill in as a token of where they are simultaneously. They may feel like they are at an impasse. At the point when schoolwork help is offered to them ahead of time of the task, at that point they will be set up to move in the direction of a specific objective if they have an issue with a specific inquiry or issue that surfaces throughout the assignment.</p><p></p><p>The principle thought of this article is that each individual needs to recollect themselves as interesting people. We as a whole might suspect diversely and despite the fact that everybody considers themselves individuals, there are contrasts between every one of us. Every individual needs to recollect their uniqueness and this uniqueness is normally reflected in their c omposing skills.</p><p></p><p>While they are composing the expositions, it is best for the understudy to not permit themselves to be impacted by any composed work by another essayist. They ought to compose from their heart and nobody else's words ought to enter their head. In any case, all understudies are urged to compose from their heart, and that incorporates their own encounters with this novel and the characters in the book.</p><p></p><p>The Fault in Our Stars paper points and answers can go from the occasions occurring inside the story, to the plot, the characters, and the topic of the story itself. All understudies are free to expound on whatever rings a bell and the educator will be satisfied to survey the paper and grade it in the event that it is a top notch work.</p>

Extensive Essay Samples and Topics

<h1>Extensive Essay Samples and Topics</h1><p>Many individuals utilize these all-inclusive paper tests in their regular composing ventures. You might be amazed that a significant number of the points have been utilized by different experts and standard people. These all-encompassing exposition tests are regularly useful for points and topics that you have not yet secured or built up your own ideas.</p><p></p><p>Extended article tests are intended to utilize these themes to investigate and talk about specific kinds of subjects. Subjects that have been recently secured might be a decent theme to utilize when expounding on another point. The expositions composed might be the main time that you utilize this subject or topic.</p><p></p><p>Several of the subjects and expanded paper tests, for example, the point on 'cash,' don't fit well into everyone. Since cash is a significant subject, you ought to know that you are expoun ding on a social issue. The subjects on cash may originate from your own encounters, or they might be one of a kind to the individuals you are expounding on. These subjects may appear as philosophical conversations or questions.</p><p></p><p>The theme on 'Science' may allude to a particular science. Your involvement in a specific science, religion, or medication might be considered inside the setting of science. A few subjects may incorporate models or hypotheses that you have talked about inside the logical community.</p><p></p><p>The theme on instruction might be remembered for one of the all-inclusive article tests since training is a subject that numerous individuals are enthusiastic about. In any case, you can likewise expound regarding a matter that identifies with training. The subject on financial matters can be an incredible point to explore. This may identify with another point you know about, for example, the subject of acco unting.</p><p></p><p>In expansion to utilizing a topic or theme, there are a few different ways to examine a specific theme or conversation or utilization of a point. You might need to break down what is considered as an interestingor drawing in theme. You can utilize explicit devices to follow how frequently every theme has been utilized by others. The sort of gatherings accessible will permit you to make the best conversation inside your opinion.</p><p></p><p>If you are keen on composing a paper for school credit, at that point you may find that the subjects and article tests accessible through web based composing courses are extraordinary wellsprings of help. In any case, you may likewise discover a few papers that are hard to follow, or that will require a particular style of composing. The school composing classes and courses accessible are completely offered for free.</p><p></p><p>You might be astonished t o find that the points and article tests from a history class will be like another verifiable theme that you may have known about. These subjects and themes will give you a beginning stage for making a total paper. The points on financial aspects and different subjects that relate to science, religion, or medication might be utilized as a layout to help build up a paper that is written in the current period.</p>

How Do I Know If I Have Food Poisoning

How Do I Know If I Have Food Poisoning If you have ever felt ill after consuming some food, there is a high chance what you experienced was food poisoning.Also known as foodborne illness, food poisoning refers to any illness that is caused by consuming spoilt, toxic or contaminated food.Most cases of food poisoning result from food being contaminated by various types of bacteria or a virus.Thankfully, food poisoning is not life-threatening.In most cases, the symptoms go away by themselves after a few days without the need for medical attention.Food poisoning is quite common.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 48 million Americans are affected by food poisoning every year.Of these, only about 128,000 of them get hospitalized, and only about 3,000 people die of foodborne illnesses in a year.Cases of food poisoning are more common among infants and children, the aged, and people with weak immune systems, such as those suffering from HIV or other chronic illnesses.SYMPTOMS OF FOOD POISONING In most cases, the signs and symptoms of food poisoning will be experienced within a day or two after consuming contaminated food.Depending on the cause of contamination, however, some symptoms may be experienced within a few hours, while others might appear after a few weeks.If you have food poisoning, you might experience any of the following symptoms:Diarrhea, which might be bloody or contain some mucusA feverVomitingNauseaChillsAching within the muscles and jointsStomach cramps and pain in the abdomenLoss of appetiteGeneral weakness and fatigueHeadachesWHEN TO SEE A DOCTORIn most cases, someone suffering from food poisoning will get better without the need to see a doctor.However, you should seek medical attention immediately if you notice any of the following symptoms:The symptoms become very severeYour diarrhea and other symptoms do not get better after about 3 days.Constant vomiting makes it difficult for you to keep down any fluids.You are above the age of 60You’re pregnant.I f the person with food poisoning is a babyYour fever exceeds 101.5 °F.You start experiencing symptoms that are associated with severe dehydration, such as passing little or no urine, confusion, a dry mouth, sunken eyes, and a rapid heartbeat.You pass bloody urine.You are taking medication or have a condition that may weaken your immune system, such as HIV or undergoing cancer treatment.You have an underlying long term illness, such as kidney disease, diabetes, heart valve disease or inflammatory bowel disease.You start having difficulty speaking or seeing.HOW DOES FOOD GET CONTAMINATED?Most of the foods that we eat have bacteria, parasites, and viruses that are potentially harmful if they find a way into our system.This is why it is recommended that all foods should be cooked before eating.The harmful pathogens are killed by the heat during the cooking process. This is why a lot of food poisoning is caused by foods that are eaten raw.Some of the reasons and methods through which foo d might become contaminated include:Food, especially meat, not getting cooked thoroughly.Food that needs to be chilled not being stored in the right conditions.Food being kept beyond its expiry date.Cooked food being left for long at warm temperatures.Food getting handled by someone with dirty hands or someone who is ill.Previously cooked food not getting reheated sufficiently.Bacteria spreading from contaminated food and surfaces to uncontaminated food (cross-contamination).Some foods are more likely to be contaminated than others, particularly if they are not cooked or stored properly.Examples of such foods include:Unpasteurized milkRaw eggsRaw meat and poultryRaw seafoodFoods that don’t need to be cooked before eatingWe saw earlier that food can be contaminated by different pathogens.There are over 250 different pathogens that might be behind food poisoning.Some of the most common types of food contamination include:Salmonella: Most cases of serious food poisoning in the United States can be attributed to the Salmonella bacteria.According to the CDC, the salmonella bacteria is responsible for about 1 million cases of food poisoning every year, with about 23,000 of these ending up being hospitalized.About 450 deaths can be attributed to Salmonella each year. Salmonella is usually found in raw eggs, raw meat and poultry, milk, and other dairy products.Infection can occur when meat or poultry is not adequately cooked.Salmonella can also be spread to other foods by cutting surfaces, knives, or handling of food by an infected person.The symptoms of salmonella food poisoning start appearing 12 to 72 hours after consuming the infected food. In most cases, the symptoms will subside in about 4 to 7 days, even without treatment.Campylobacter: This is a bacteria that is mostly found in meat and poultry. It is most likely to infect you if you consume undercooked meat.Campylobacter contamination usually occurs when animal feces come into contact with meat surfaces dur ing processing.Campylobacter can also be found in contaminated water and unpasteurized milk.If you consume food that is contaminated with campylobacter, the symptoms will appear in about two to five days and will be gone in about a week or less.Listeria: This bacteria is mostly found in chilled, ready to eat foods, such as hot dogs, cooked meat slices, pre-packed sandwiches, and unpasteurized milk and cheeses. Listeria can also be found in unwashed raw produce.Following consumption of food that is contaminated with listeria, the appearance of symptoms will vary from person to person.They can appear in a few days or after several weeks. In most cases, the person will feel better in about 3 days.However, food poisoning from listeria can be more serious in pregnant women. It can result in pregnancy and birth complications, and in extreme cases, it can lead to miscarriage.Escherichia coli (E. coli): This is a common bacteria that lives in the digestive tracts of various animals. It is e ven found in humans.While most strains of E. coli are harmless, some can lead to serious cases of food poisoning.Most cases of E. coli food poisoning are caused by eating undercooked minced beef, as well as other beef products like meatballs and burgers.Beef usually gets contaminated during the slaughter process when fecal matter comes into contact with the meat. E. coli can also be found in unpasteurized milk products, contaminated water, alfalfa sprouts, and apple cider.The symptoms of E. coli food poisoning start appearing between one and eight days after infection. The person will feel better after a few days or weeks.Shigella: Shigella is spread when food is washed in contaminated water. Food poisoning caused by the Shigella bacteria is referred to as shigellosis or bacillary dysentery.The symptoms of food poisoning caused by shigella appear within a week of consuming contaminated food and will usually disappear in less than a week.Viruses: Viruses can also cause food poisoning . The most common culprit in this case is a virus known as Norwalk virus or simply novirus.Over 19 million cases of food poisoning can be attributed to novirus every year. This virus is mostly spread through contaminated water and from person to person.It is also commonly found in raw shellfish. Novirus food poisoning is usually mild and not life threatening, though it can be fatal in rare cases.Symptoms will usually appear within 24 to 48 hours of consuming the contaminated food and will only last a couple days.Other viruses that may cause food poisoning are sapovirus, astrovirus, and rotavirus, though they are not as common.Rotavirus mostly causes food poisoning in children, with the symptoms appearing in about a week and lasting 5 to 7 days.The Hepatitis A virus can also be passed through food, causing a very serious illness.Parasites: Food poisoning as a result of contamination by parasites is a bit rare, though the cases are common in developing countries.While rare, food poiso ning caused by parasites can be very dangerous.A person will start feeling ill in about 10 days after consuming contaminated food, and if left untreated, it may be weeks or months before the symptoms disappear.The most common culprit in cases of parasite caused food poisoning are is toxoplasma, which is usually found in cat litter boxes.This parasite can also remain undetected in the human digestive tract for years.Pregnant women and people with weakened immunity system are at the greatest risk of getting an infection due to toxoplasma.Other common types of food poisoning caused by parasites include amoebiasis, which is a type of dysentery caused by Entamoeba histolytica, cryptosporidiosis, which is caused by Cryptosporidium, and giardiasis, which is caused by Giardia intestinalis.HOW IS FOOD POISONING DIAGNOSED?In most cases, tests are not necessary for the diagnosis of food poisoning.Instead, the doctor will ask questions about the specific foods you have consumed recently, the sy mptoms you are experiencing and for how long you have been feeling sick.The doctor might also examine you physically to determine whether you are showing any signs of dehydration.In some cases, depending on your health history and the symptoms you are experiencing, the doctor might need to run some diagnostic tests to determine the cause of the food poisoning.The most common tests for parasites include blood tests and stool culture tests.However, not every case of food poisoning can be confirmed using diagnostic tests.FOOD POISONING TREATMENTThankfully, most cases of food poisoning are not very serious and can be treated at home without the need to seek medical attention.The symptoms will usually resolve by themselves after a few days.Due to vomiting and diarrhea, someone who has food poisoning rapidly loses water, so it is important to keep drinking plenty of water to avoid dehydration.Even if you don’t feel like drinking water, taking a few sips every now and then will help keep you hydrated. Alternatively, you can drink sports drinks which are high in electrolytes.Coconut water and fruit juices are also great for people with food poisoning.Not only do they keep you hydrated, they also provide your body with carbohydrates and help reduce fatigue and weakness.For people who are highly vulnerable, such as the elderly and those with underlying medical conditions, oral rehydration solutions are recommended.These are sold at pharmacies in form of sachets. The sick person can then dissolve them in water and drink.Oral rehydration solutions are great for helping replace glucose, minerals and salts that have been lost through dehydration.However, oral rehydration solutions may not bode well for some people, such as those with kidney conditions.Therefore, it is always advisable to consult your doctor or pharmacist before using oral rehydration solutions.In addition to keeping yourself hydrated, you should also get plenty of rest and avoid substances like caffeine, fizzy drinks, alcohol, and fatty or spicy foods.These will irritate the digestive tract and make you feel worse. Instead, opt for decaffeinated teas with soothing herbs such as dandelion, peppermint or chamomile, since these can help sooth an upset stomach.You can also use over-the-counter medications such as Pepto-Bismol and Imodium to help reduce the nausea and diarrhea.Before using these medications, however, it is advisable to consult your doctor, since diarrhea and vomiting helps the body to get rid of the toxins causing the illness.Using these medications can also make the illness seem less severe, making you wait longer without seeking medical attention even when the illness is severe.Once you feel up to it, ease back into eating with small, light and easy to digest foods that are bland and low in fat.Wait until the diarrhea and vomiting has subsided before you start eating solid foods. The best foods to eat in this case include:Saltine crackersBananasToastRiceChicken brothOa tmealBoiled veggiesBland potatoesGelatinDecaffeinated soda, such as root beer or ginger aleSports drinksDiluted fruit juicesUntil you are completely healed, you should avoid harder to digest foods, since they might upset your stomach even more.The foods to avoid include:Fried foodsSpicy foodsDairy products such as milk and cheeseFoods with high sugar contentHighly seasoned foodsFatty foodsEnergy drinksIf you feel that your symptoms are severe, or if you don’t start getting better after a few days, you should see a doctor.You should also see a doctor if you have an underlying medical condition that makes you more vulnerable to serious infection, or if you are over 60 years of age.If your vomiting is too severe, the doctor might prescribe anti-emetic medications to help stop the vomiting.If the doctor determines that your food poisoning is as a result of a bacterial infection, he or she may prescribe antibiotics to help get rid of the bacteria.If the illness is deemed to be too seri ous, the doctor might require you to be admitted to hospital for a couple days so that you can be hydrated with intravenous (IV) fluids while the doctor monitors your recovery.COMPLICATIONS RESULTING FROM FOOD POISONINGIn most cases, any complications resulting from food poisoning are usually due to dehydration.This is where the body loses too much water and essential minerals and salts through vomiting and diarrhea.For health adults with no underlying medical conditions, staying hydrated until you get better is enough to prevent any complications from occurring.Dehydration presents a more serious concern for infants, the elderly, people with chronic illnesses and people with conditions that might have weakened their immune systems.In some cases, such people who are more vulnerable may need to be admitted so that they can receive intravenous rehydration. In extreme cases, dehydration can even lead to death.Aside from dehydration, the other complications that might result from food p oisoning depend on the kind of food poisoning and the infected person.The types of food poisoning that may result in complications include:Listeria food poisoning: Listeria food poisoning can result in complications for pregnant women.If a pregnant woman gets food poisoning in the first trimester of the pregnancy, the illness may result in a miscarriage. If a pregnant woman gets listeria food poisoning later in the pregnancy, the infection may result in complications such as premature birth or still birth.In the event that the baby is born normally, they baby might experience a potentially fatal listeria infection after birth.Babies who survive this infection might experience delayed development and long-term neurological damage.E. coli food poisoning: Food poisoning caused by some strains of E. coli might lead to a complication known as hemolytic uremic syndrome.This is a condition that causes damage to the lining of the blood vessels within the kidneys.In extreme cases, this syndr ome can even result in kidney failure. Children below the age of 5, the elderly, and people with a condition that weakens their immune systems are most vulnerable to developing hemolytic uremic syndrome.Someone in any of these groups should seek immediate medical attention should they have profuse or bloody diarrhea.HOW TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF INFECTIONIf you have food poisoning, you can easily spread the infection to those around you.To avoid this, you should avoid handling or preparing food that will be consumed by other people.You should also avoid getting into contact with people who are highly vulnerable, such as children under the age of 5 or the elderly. You should also avoid going to work or school until the diarrhea has stopped.If the infected person is someone you live with, you should:Make sure everyone uses their own flannels and towels.Ensure that everyone washes their hands with warm water and soap before and after preparing food and after using the toilet.Use the hot test washing machine setting to wash the laundry of the infected person.Frequently clean taps, basins, toilet seats, flush handles, and the surfaces around your home.HOW TO PREVENT FOOD POISONINGPreventing food poisoning comes down to maintaining high standards of hygiene when handling, preparing and storing food.According to the Food Standards Scotland, the key to preventing food poisoning is keeping in mind the “four Cs, which are:Cleaning: Maintaining high standards of personal hygiene and keeping utensils and work surfaces clean can help prevent the spread of harmful pathogens that may cause food poisoning.Make a habit of washing your hands with soap and warm water after handling raw food, before preparing food, after using the toilet, after touching pets and bins, and after changing a baby’s diaper.You should also avoid handling food if you have food poisoning or other stomach illnesses. You should also thoroughly wash vegetables and fruits before consumption.Cooking: All f ood, and meats, poultry and seafood in particular, should be thoroughly cooked to make sure any harmful bacteria in the food are killed.To check whether meat is well cooked, dip a knife into the thickest part of the meat and make sure that there are no red or pink parts, and that all the juices in the meat are clear.Proper care should also be taken when reheating food. Make sure that the food is well heated all through, and avoid reheating food more than once.Chilling: If you have food that needs to be refrigerated, always keep it in the fridge and ensure that the temperature in your fridge is set between 0 5 °C.Leaving such food unrefrigerated can result in the growth and multiplication within the food. If you have cooked leftovers, allow them to cool over a couple of hours and then store them in the fridge.Cross contamination: Sometimes, bacteria can be transferred from contaminated foods (especially raw foods) to other foods when the foods come into contact, when the bacteria is left on the utensils and work surfaces used in the preparation of food, or when one food drips onto another.To prevent cross contamination, you should:Store ready-to-eat foods separate from raw foods.Use separate knives and cutting boards for meat, seafood, eggs, and poultry.Store raw meat at the bottom of your fridge and inside sealable containers so that it does not drip on other foods.Thoroughly clean any utensils that have been used in the preparation of raw food.Avoid washing raw meats and poultry, since this might splash harmful bacteria all over your kitchen. Any bacteria on the meat will be killed during the cooking process.Wash your hands with soap after handling raw food.Aside from the four Cs, also make sure never to consume any food that is past its “use by” date.Never rely on the food’s smell or appearance to determine whether it is safe to eat.Always observe the instructions on the packet.WRAPPING UPFood poisoning is a common illness that occurs after consuming contaminated food.Fortunately, food poisoning is not life-threatening, and a person will feel better after a few days without the need for medical attention.However, if your symptoms are severe or if you don’t start feeling better after a few days, you should always see a doctor.Proper hygiene should be taken when preparing and handling food to prevent food poisoning.

Choose a Topic and Research Your Research Paper Topics

<h1>Choose a Topic and Research Your Research Paper Topics</h1><p>It is frequently believed that graduate school and legitimate condition look into papers are not troublesome. This is on the grounds that they have a set arrangement, and there are basic models in the event that you may end up in a comparative circumstance. Nonetheless, it tends to be trying to compose a basic research paper, in the event that you don't have the foggiest idea what to compose about.</p><p></p><p>First, you should choose a point. There are numerous sorts of law that can be explored for these kinds of papers, including criminal law, natural law, business law, migration law, charge law, human rights law, and patent law. Despite the fact that you can get by with simply exploring one of these regions, it is ideal to inquire about every one of them to ensure you have a base from which to work.</p><p></p><p>Therefore, the following stage is to p ick which of the different research paper points you need to look into. On the off chance that you would prefer not to pick a point, at that point it will be a lot simpler to compose your paper. The explanation you need to pick a point is on the grounds that this permits you to investigate the law identified with the theme. You may find that there are contrasts between the law in different nations, or that laws are diverse in your nation than in other countries.</p><p></p><p>Therefore, on the off chance that you pick a theme that isn't associated with the law in your nation, at that point you may not be as ready to investigate that law and its subtleties. It is significant that when composing any sort of paper, you comprehend the subject completely before you start composing the paper, with the goal that you will recognize what to remember for your paper.</p><p></p><p>Next, you ought to settle on the most proficient method to explore t he law that identifies with the theme that you pick. For instance, in the event that you decided to investigate criminal law, you could utilize a study, or you could visit a law library, or you could go to a prison.</p><p></p><p>Perhaps you will need to get away and visit another nation. A few nations don't permit sightseers to be there. For this situation, you would should be inventive by they way you had the option to compose your paper.</p><p></p><p>If you are doing the exploration paper subjects, you can discover a great deal of data through the library. Your library can give you a lot of data to assist you with examining subjects. Likewise, you can utilize web crawlers to discover the data you need.</p><p></p><p>By comprehending what sort of subjects you need to inquire about, you will have the option to compose a lawful domain explore paper. The data you will be given depends on the law in your nation. By investigating a great deal, you will have the option to compose a fruitful paper.</p>

Top Paper and Writing Secrets

<h1> Top Paper and Writing Secrets </h1> <p>The costs of our absolute best article composing administration aren't the most elevated and not the least on the commercial center. The determination of assignments permits you to procure a reasonable choice and ensure the convenient conveyance we give regularly. You may look compose my paper on the net and ask anybody worth assistance administration to permit you to comprehend what your paper ought to resemble. Not all examination paper composing administrations are exactly the same, nonetheless, along these lines it's significant you don't just pick the absolute first custom composing administration firm that shows up at the extremely top of your Google search question. </p> <p>With the absolutely free correction choice provided for all the customers, you can have your paper changed and improved at zero cost. Our journalists flexibly the full exhibit of scholarly paper related administrations. Remember, the white paper will need to gain a case for your systems or arrangements, thusly it is justified, despite all the trouble to submit time in great composition. White papers are an extraordinary way to feature your association's capacities and to demonstrate to imminent customers that you can fix their issues. </p> <p>If you truly should be instructed then you should figure out how to communicate on paper. The paper is composed around the framework in the absolute first draft demonstrating in the absolute initial segment, the objective of the paper. When it is prepared, it will be accessible for download. Your paper should have a fitting structure to it. </p> <p>Academic paper composing isn't as basic as composing something on a touch of paper. The great part of composing an unrivaled paper has arrived. In this way, should you happen to want a paper essayist, you have shown up at the right area! In the event that you request from us, you can tie down a draft of your paper to be certain your author is going in the correct direction.</p> <p>There's nothing of the sort as a perfect article. Our exposition author answerable for your task won't consider her or his activity done before you concur that the paper that you've requested is impeccable. Get the chance to gain proficiency with your exposition and research project subject and definitely what you might want to do with it. The subject must be fascinating to the essayist so as to find inquiries to answer the paper. </p> <p>Should you need any assistance, don't be reluctant to stop by Paperwritings.com. When searching for composing administrations, you should be looking for an individual exposition aide. At the point when you buy an article from us, you're ensured to savor singular methodology since exposition help offered by our journalists is constantly tweaked dependent on your necessities. Finding a commendable paper composing administration at a cheap cost isn't a simple undertaking for an unpracticed understudy. </p> <h2> The Chronicles of Paper and Writing </h2> <p>When you look at the reason for the paper and the crowd degree, you can decide the supporting archives you should gather and give in your composition. It would appear that you are needing an excessively expedient redid paper support. Our exposition composing organization ensures your paper will fulfill every one of your prerequisites and will be written as per your directions. The absolute best examinat ion paper composing administrations in the US have expressed that various understudies take the strain of composing a paper. </p> <p>Do not be dumbfounded by the 3 hours cutoff time you won't secure prewritten paper. At the point when you buy a paper on the web you may have confidence that it will be conveyed before the cutoff time comes so you will have adequate opportunity to survey it. Not all my work is expected for distribution. You can be sure of the far reaching secrecy of our helpful work. </p> <h2> Paper and Writing - Is it a Scam? </h2> <p>However part explicit and pressing your paper is, you can rely upon sensible rates and moderate rates. Anything that must be composed will be composed. Along the methods for composing, you will be able to get hold of your essayist and offer more guidelines to her or him. Our essayist conveys preceding the time of accommodation with the goal that you're ready to check it completely and afterward get a totally free amendment in the event that you believe there's an interest for it. </p> <h2> The 30-Second Trick for Paper and W riting</h2> <p>In truth, it should be a reference paper from which the understudy will need to attract motivation every now and then. The primary explanation is that a few understudies experience issues looking to arrange their papers as indicated by a particular reference style, however others can't find the essential sources or just come up short on the chance to make top notch work. Notwithstanding what you should compose, online assistance is consistently accessible, and you can bear the cost of it! </p> <p>You will be astonished at how often a paper can be improved on the off chance that you simply have a stand or a position and contend for a specific position. You're not obliged to form a paper that has very troublesome wordings, unrecognized subjects and things which are extremely difficult to grasp. An examination paper is actually the core of the entire of your scholastic life. A research paper or exploration paper is basically a record of scholarly perusing in a ton of sources on a particular region being talked about. </p>

College Sexual Assault Essay - What You Should Know About Writing One

<h1>College Sexual Assault Essay - What You Should Know About Writing One</h1><p>A school rape exposition isn't as simple as it might sound, yet with some exertion, you can think of an incredible one. Nobody needs to be in the circumstance where they are attacked and what they state will make their experience significantly all the more startling and difficult to deal with. At the point when this occurs, individuals frequently endure peacefully. It very well may be difficult to tell somebody, or maybe just yourself, that you were contacted in a sexual route without your consent.</p><p></p><p>The most ideal approach to move beyond this trouble is to expound on what occurred, and this doesn't really mean expounding on the rape itself. Rather, you ought to expound on what you were feeling at that point and what was experiencing your psyche at that point. This can assist you with managing the injury of the occasion and permit you to proceed onward with your life, but a somewhat less upbeat one.</p><p></p><p>However, the distinction between composing an article about the rape itself and expounding on the impact it has on you and others is that when you expound on the occasion, you will compose from the heart. It is from your heart that you will communicate the entirety of your feelings and considerations. With the primary sort of paper, you will essentially transfer what somebody let you know and keeping in mind that this is compelling, you will likewise not have the option to communicate fully.</p><p></p><p>If you choose to expound on your school rape, don't be reluctant to talk uninhibitedly and don't hesitate to not stress over being viewed as powerless, in light of the fact that you are most certainly not. You realize that you are solid and gutsy. Your closest companion could never attempt to contact your body with their hands and you ought not need to endure in light of som ething that someone else did.</p><p></p><p>While you are composing your school rape exposition, don't be hesitant to impart the data to other people. Let your advisor, direction advocate, or senior member realize that you are prepared to talk about the issue. Makesure that they comprehend that you need to discuss it with them and that they offer you the chance to examine it. You may not feel good discussing it with them or your folks, however don't let anybody exploit you.</p><p></p><p>When you are composing your school rape article, you ought to know that you are expounding on something that you will most likely always remember. Truth be told, in the event that you need any composing help or feel that your article needs work, at that point you can generally contact an expert to assist you with it. You ought to ask a composing administration to assist you with taking a shot at your article by utilizing an editorial manager, editing it, and updating it until it is totally palatable. The most significant thing for you to recollect is that you ought to be certain about what you are stating and don't let anybody talk down to you or to your sentiments about the matter.</p><p></p><p>There are different ways you can help the way toward composing your school rape exposition, for example, figuring out how to compose an article and having somebody alter it. You ought to be set up before you compose your article. You should realize what your paper is going to coverwhat your point is, and what you need your article to achieve. Compose the paper gradually and purposely with the goal that it streams easily, and furthermore, attempt to incorporate numerous details.</p><p></p><p>You ought to likewise have a solid conviction that you can expound on your school rape. It is just by having this conviction that you will have the option to beat the snags of composing an exposition about something that you can't review how you felt about at the time.</p>

How to Write an Illustrative Essay

<h1>How to Write an Illustrative Essay</h1><p>In this short article, I need to investigate the subject of how to compose an illustrative paper. In any secondary school or school seminar on composing, composing understudies need to know how to compose illustrative papers and not only a standard article that they read.</p><p></p><p>While it is conceivable to bestow significant focuses in a standard exposition, this can be hard for some understudies. Obviously, a few understudies won't have the foundation to do this. At the point when this occurs, the most ideal route for them to push ahead is to have some counsel on the most proficient method to compose an illustrative essay.</p><p></p><p>A part of individuals, myself notwithstanding, will in general invest an excessive amount of energy taking a gander at the 10,000 foot view when figuring out how to compose. What's more, the issue with doing this is we will in general s tall out on one part of the 10,000 foot view and begin focusing just on that one region. You have to recollect that the most ideal approach to figure out how to compose an illustrative paper is to take a gander at the master plan and furthermore the littler regions of the story as well.</p><p></p><p>The most significant exercise in figuring out how to compose an illustrative exposition is this idea of considering your crowd. One of the most widely recognized missteps that individuals make when they are attempting to communicate their thoughts in an understudy article is that they begin to concentrate their whole consideration on one thought or perspective. While this is positively significant, you need to recollect that in the event that you center a lot around one perspective or thought, it will lose its crowd and they won't have the option to completely get a handle on what you are attempting to pass on. So how would you begin?</p><p></p>& lt;p>You start by getting free from the viewpoint that you are in. There is an extraordinary saying that I like: 'In the event that you need to go around aimlessly, do it while looking into.' Focus on what you are attempting to state, yet do it without completely surrendering the point of view that you are in. What's more, when I state this, I am looking at moving ceaselessly from yourself. Try not to begin composing from the perspective of your ideas.</p><p></p><p>This will require a touch of thought and readiness, yet once you can do this, you will have the option to begin composing from a lower level and begin concentrating more on the top level. This can be the most troublesome piece of the procedure, so let me suggest something. Go into a room that doesn't have much light.</p><p></p><p>You can be in wherever and stopped the lights, so simply take a full breath and take some time before you even start to consider how to compose an illustrative article. Center your considerations internal. After you have set aside some effort to set up your considerations, at that point the subsequent stage is to record what you need to state. It is difficult, however I guarantee that once you get it down, it will get simpler as you rehearse and improve at writing.</p><p></p><p>Of course, you have to recollect this is just a short article on the best way to compose an illustrative paper. There are numerous different subtleties and tips that you should comprehend and learn so as to be a fruitful writer.</p>

How to Do Better on Your Essay Topics

How to Do Better on Your Essay TopicsIf you're looking for ways to get better grades on your The Other Wes Moor Essay topics, then read this. You'll learn a number of tips that are sure to help you get through the class. Here are some of the easy ways to get through your Essay topics.The first tip to help with your Wes Moor Essay Topics is to be sure that you're prepared before the class starts. Not only is this helpful for when you begin to write, but it's also helpful for when you need to review what you've written at the end of the course. It's a good idea to make a list of all of the things that you're going to need to prepare for the class, including reference materials, what to do at the end of the class, and any other specific notes that you'll need.The second tip that you can use is to get started on the particular part of the assignment that you're going to work on. Having plenty of time to prepare ahead of time will allow you to be able to focus on a particular subject inst ead of getting distracted by something else. Try to ensure that you don't rush your own work, because if you rush it, then it'll be harder to catch up on everything in the end.The third tip for learning how to excel at Wes Moor Essay Topics is to practice what you're learning. By practicing it, you will be able to see your progress as you work on your assignments. When you make sure that you are using the correct strategies and are making the most of your resources, then you will be able to get the best grades possible on the essay topics that you write.The fourth tip for gaining knowledge and enhancing your essay topics is to keep practicing. Take a look at a variety of different types of essays and try to see what works for you, so that you can expand on what you've learned about yourself. You don't have to stick to writing essays that are exactly like what you wrote in the class; it's all about personalization and having fun.The fifth tip to help with your essay topics is to stic k to the facts. Whether or not the facts are true or not is irrelevant; they should be factually accurate, yet still be appealing to people. By finding an angle that you can exploit, you will be able to make people interested in your essays.The sixth tip for excelling at your Wes Moor Essay Topics is to be confident in your skills. It's crucial that you learn how to develop a good sense of self-confidence before you ever begin a class. Not only will this help you in your essay writing, but it will also help you in other aspects of your life, as well.The seventh tip to help with your Wes Moor Essay Topics is to be open to learning new things. Sure, Wes Moor Essay Topics are designed to get your ideas out there and be used by others, but you must also be willing to listen to different perspectives and learn from them. Learning new things is always beneficial to you, no matter what subject you're writing about.

What Everyone Else Does When It Comes to Good Business Essay Topics and What You Must Do Different

<h1> What Everyone Else Does When It Comes to Good Business Essay Topics and What You Must Do Different</h1> <h2> Good Business Essay Topics - What Is It? </h2> <p>Inspiration to make your own promoting or media factious paper subjects isn't generally difficult to find. The more you relish your theme the most effortless it will be to expound on. Moral factious article themes are a couple of the most straightforward to become overly energetic with. There are factious paper subjects. </p> <p>When the item was produced, the most basic obligation of business chief is to cause it to contend available. Why it's imperative to do an examination on the necessity of your products in the commercial center. The human services framework in the U.S. is in like manner exceptionally average and completely created, which makes it a perfect model for you to expound on. You can likewise get lengthened paper organization and the board test to help you with getti ng an idea of how our specialists reasonable in their work. </p> <h2> Good Business Essay Topics - the Conspiracy</h2> <p>In picking your point, it's every now and again a decent idea to begin with a subject which you as of now have some commonality with. Therefore, in case you're incredibly energetic about this issue and can't evaluate it dispassionately, take a gander at exchanging it. At the point when you are mentioned to pick an incredible theme for your contention, start with something you're familiar with. </p> <p>Argumentative paper thoughts can be related with the ethical aspects of human life. Thus, in case you're making a decent attempt to create a proposition explanation for an enticing paper and you couldn't imagine anything better than to see how to make a postulation proclamation for a convincing article, remember your theory may incorporate individual perspectives and discernments towards the subject. Remember that a theory articulation for a powerful article must have a case that might be contested by others. A factious exposition expects you to pick a theme and have a situation on it. </p> <h2> Good Business Essay Topics and Good Business Essay Topics - The Perfect Combination </h2> <p>The significant distinction lies in attempting to comprehend whether the understudy has some of the down to earth capacities, however when contrasted with the mind lion's share of scholarly assignments intended to assess hypothetical information in the absolute first t urn. Your MBA expositions are your absolute best chance to sell the person behind the resume. A lot of understudies tend to sabotage the composing system and leave for the recent days. The understudy ought to examine a point, assess proof, gather, produce, and set an angle on this issue in an incredible and compact manner. </p> <p>It is hard to find a great site with free instances of factious papers and reasonable hand crafted articles. In the event that you'd like magnificent paper article models, connect with us here today and we will do our absolute best to give you the most appropriate guide. A brilliant paper ought to be elegantly composed, and awesome research should be done so as to consider incredible results and subtleties that are required to land you a decent score. Composing a morals business inquire about paper is a troublesome endeavor. </p> <h2> The History of Good Business Essay Topics Refuted </h2> <p>A extensive paper in organiz ation and the board gives understudies an opportunity to act inside and out research in a position of private enthusiasm concerning business and the executives. To turn into a real expert in business the executives, it is urgent to learn all the more with respect to the crucial private venture methodologies which will assist with expanding the board practices and produce the correct aptitudes and capacities. The inspiration has a prompt effect on the activity of the substance and there are particular speculations which depict how inspiration can be improved, yet just not many of them will be examined. There are 3 diverse administration styles and all of them has its own advantages and traps. </p> <p>It is conceivable to look over a plenty of captivating spots and classifications. Business is a colossal subject since it covers different disputable difficulties which are certainly worth your consideration. </p>

World Freedom Writers Program - Russia Essay Topics

World Freedom Writers Program - Russia Essay TopicsAt the moment, the State Department and USAID are both creating essays topics for middle and high school students studying about Russia. As they complete the drafts of these topics, they will work with all the other universities and colleges in the United States and in other nations. When the essays are read and the opinions expressed, the writing will be evaluated by various National Freedom Writers Program coordinators.'Evaluating essay topics is something that we're looking at all the time,' said Karl Jelacic, who coordinates the work on the State Department and USAID Russia essay topics. He explained that, when preparing essay topics for a specific essay, he wants to make sure that those who will be reading the essays and the writers who will be editing them do not view the contents from a biased point of view.'I'm a citizen of the United States, but I'm also a citizen of Russia,' Jelacic explained. 'I have a friend who has been in Moscow, and he's always looking at it from an outsider's perspective, which is really quite different from my perspective.' The State Department and USAID Russia essay topics will help the students and those who will read the finished work to understand the challenges that the United States and Russia are facing today.'We all look at America and the United States as a beacon of hope for many people around the world,' Jelacic said. 'Russia doesn't always seem to be as optimistic as we are. We all think that they have some potential to improve and it can be helped, but we still believe in that hope.'The United States and Russia share a desire to develop a stable, long-term economic outlook. As Russia has faced challenges, including the current financial crisis, it has become apparent that there is more that the countries can accomplish together, rather than alone.'One of the areas where I think we've done quite well over the years is creating a strong working relationship with Russ ia,' Jelacic said. 'As part of this partnership with Russia, I believe that we should be trying to focus our attention on the trends of their people rather than their challenges.'I believe that there is plenty that the two countries can do to improve their peoples' lives and open up their economies,' he continued. 'It's hard to separate the two things, but I think we should try to focus on what the future of the two countries is going to be, and then see if there is something that the U.S. and Russia can do to influence that future. This is an opportunity for us to learn, to be involved, and to participate in something that has been growing very strong for so many years.''I have this burning desire to bring the two countries closer together,' Jelacic concluded. 'I want to move the two countries out of their isolation, and to try to empower each other to do things that they couldn't do before.'

Nonprofit Marketing Research Paper Topics Fundamentals Explained

Philanthropic Marketing Research Paper Topics Fundamentals Explained Nonprofit Marketing Research Paper Topics at a Glance If you've chosen authority as the area of your exploration however can't pick the specific subject or the best approach to start choosing then here are two or three points to enable you to start. In case you're expounding on social issues, you will ordinarily be expounding on the manner in which the theme influences bigger gatherings of individuals, similar to how destitution influences an entire age. You should choose the particular point in the pivotal zone. For suitable composing understudies should pick a worthy point that is acknowledged by the boss and furthermore encourages them score the best grades. There's no compelling reason to accomplish into anyone's wallet. In the event that you have any inquiries in regards to your battles, there's consistently somebody there with an answer that will get you out. Examining any issue about government or laws can ge t overpowering due to the multifaceted nature of the issues and even because of the wording of certain laws. At the point when you own a rundown before your eyes, it will be significantly simpler to form your mind and begin thinking about a particular issue. Human services points bring about a brilliant research paper since understudies may focus on persistent consideration, the proposed government-run medicinal services framework and morals. With its visual narrating abilities, it isn't unexpected to find that video might be a compelling technique to associate supporters to your central goal. Henceforth advertising task compositions can help you in making a considerable and ground-breaking limited time plan for your organization that may bolster your organization destinations. Rather, you'll have individuals reaching you inquiring as to whether they can buy your item or join your association. On the off chance that you mean to utilize the site for a business I would recommend using the website addition since it is the one most people are familiar with and will presumably expect your site is a website site. Peruse the same number of data you can suit since it's significant. Obviously, it's generally less complex to request that an individual present their contact information in return for something than to persuade exactly the same people to get a thing on the web. Understanding Nonprofit Marketing Research Paper Topics Individuals are progressively examining the web to learn. Time assignment and dedication to web advancement is in fact fundamental to remain as a main priority. Utilizing the innovation of the internet is the genuine key to a system elevating effort to make traffic and enroll leads. In light of the requests and socioeconomics, all of the more minimal arrangement of gatherings ought to be concocted an unmistakable publicizing and showcasing plan to focus on the arrangement of our advantage. Obviously, it doesn't stop there. With an end goal to s tand out among your schoolmates and getting passing marks, you should be sure that the subject you are probably going to expound on is sufficiently fascinating to dazzle your educator. Prior to conclusive assortment of the examination point, there are a ton of perspectives which ought to be thought of. The Downside Risk of Nonprofit Marketing Research Paper Topics It would be difficult to contend with a local item that gives exactly the same highlights, advantages and cost. Finding the most reasonable provider with the ideal items is significant for a prosperous import trade organization. The value of the thing can be built by showcasing the professionals of the thing in contrast with different items which fall in decisively a similar specialty or section. Promoting research subjects can focus on utilizing society to sell a thing, misleading commercials and estimating the intensity of VIP supports. Websites are presently very mainstream in the past barely any decades. Advertising an alysts see how to pose inquiries to obtain not too bad quality, impartial data. Untruths You've Been Told About Nonprofit Marketing Research Paper Topics There are a great deal of references accessible which will guide you through each progression of the training. There are, normally, various different favorable circumstances identified with utilizing specialized composing administrations, yet the most significant thing is, it's useful for your business endeavor. With the use of Wordpress blogging programming, it's a technique which everybody can follow. A framework you're ready to train your association to utilize so they can be effective moreover. The Do's and Don'ts of Nonprofit Marketing Research Paper Topics An average promoting and showcasing plan is made out of all the above points just as the organization goal and its execution in making the general advertising and publicizing program, deals targets for the assigned timeframe, along with the impetus structure for those deals and promoting groups to persuade them to accomplish the objectives. Techniques for promoting likewise have been changed to lure clients. Showcasing is a method for pulling in clients to purchase the thing or administration or an independent company. Outbound promoting utilizes conventional thought of purchasing client's advantage. The Appeal of Nonprofit Marketing Research Paper Topics Some of the best courses will empower you to discover access to apparatuses which you'll have the option to exploit to manufacture you have destinations, to explore catchphrases and other promoting and advertising devices that may assist you with utilizing your aptitudes with Online Marketing. At last, bustling people make incredible Network Marketers because of the way that they see how to make a move. Among the greatest open doors for content showcasing to affect the association is to secure the substance elevating group to think (and work) outside the promoting storehouse. Others who've been in Ne twork Marketing for a little while may pose precisely the same inquiry. A decent promoting and publicizing system will originate from a solid promoting and showcasing methodology. With the appearance of Internet, it changed all the customary showcasing ideas. For your association rise and improvement, it is basic. Web based promoting is the utilization of Internet as intends to publicize and sell items or arrangements.

Analysing Strategy And Operations Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 20 Words: 5851 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Todays business environment is complex, dynamic and uncertain and is influencing the strategies of modern enterprises (Beirnat, 2004). It is generally understood that there is a growing change in relationships between buyers and sellers which are impacting the way in which business is conducted (Buttle, 2007). Industry reports suggest that changes in todays social and economic environment have had an impact on consumer spending behaviours. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysing Strategy And Operations Management" essay for you Create order In such an unpredictable environment, the management of customer relationships becomes vital to the success of a business (Dyche, 2002). This realisation has prompted studies in the area of strategic management with the aim of gaining an understanding of a firms internal and external environment and developing strategies to exploit internal capabilities and external opportunities (Slack et al, 2006). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the activities of John Lewis and explore its business operations in relation to Michael Porters generic strategies model. The paper will continue by examining Michael Porters value chain analysis and apply the theories practically to John Lewis. The paper will also discuss how the added value creates distinctive competences and lead to a competitive advantage for the business. Company Background John Lewis plc John Lewis is a UK retailer which comes under the umbrella name of John Lewis Partnership. The Group comprises of John Lewis department stores, Waitrose supermarkets, John Lewis Direct and the direct services company Greenbee. It is a public limited company owned by its employees (Partners) who influence the running the business and who benefit from a share of the companys annual profits. The chain has an upmarket image which appeals strongly to a middle class core customer base. Chart 1: John Lewis Plc market share 2003 2007 (Mintel, 2007) The chart shows the market share growth for John Lewis from 2003 to 2007. The chart displays a steady growth pattern during this period. It would be fair to suggest that John Lewis has been performing well within the market as it market share has grown year on year. Mintel reports forecast that the retailer will continue to witness steady growth within its industry and states that John Lewis will be one of few retailers who will sustain growth despite changes in the economic climate and consumer spending behaviours. Activities John Lewis department stores offer a wide range of goods, including electrical, home garden, sports and fashion goods, with many brands exclusive to John Lewis. Waitrose supermarkets sell a large number of own-brand goods which are mainly in the food and household-cleaning sectors. Both parties place emphasis on quality goods and customer service, rather than low prices. To date the partnership comprises of 234 Waitrose supermarkets, 30 John Lewis department stores, John Lewis Direct an online and catalogue business and Waitrose a online grocery service, Greenbee a direct services company, which is supported by nine distribution centres, three production units and a farm. The Partnership has implemented a programme of social activities for partners, which includes a golf club; playing fields and tennis courts; two large country estates with parklands; a sailing club with five cruising yachts and two country hotels offering holiday accommodation for partners. Partners are also enrolled in a pension scheme, given very generous holidays, and are part of a death in service insurance scheme. Additionally, upon completing twenty five years of service with the Partnership, they are given six month paid break. Principles The John Lewis Partnership defines its business on seven distinctive principles. They acclaim that these principles are as relevant to todays business environment as they were when first introduced by its founder, John Spedan Lewis in 1906. [See Appendix 1 for Partnership Principles] These principles are considered the backbone of the Partnerships activities and ultimately the force behind the success of the Partnership. The notion of trust and respect to all its members, customers and business partners is incorporated into the Partnerships business strategy: The Partnerships reputation is founded on the uniqueness of our ownership structure and our commercial success. Our purpose is the happiness of all our members, through their worthwhile, satisfying employment in a successful business, with success measured on our ability to sustain and enhance our position both as an outstanding retailer and as a thriving example of employee ownership. (John Lewis Partnership, 2002) The strategy is centred on satisfying three independent objectives: partners, customers and profit. They state that these objectives demand an appetite of innovation, continuous improvement and enterprise to maintain the spirit of their commercial and democratic capability. This ideology will be explored in further detail to verify its true validity. Stakeholder Groups The Partnership has recognised the importance of its operations in relation to their internal and external environment. This is apparent when considering the Partnerships Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). They state that the management of social, ethical and environmental issues involve everyone and through active engagement with their stakeholders they determine their business priorities, how they manage and monitor their performance, how they determine their business goals and objectives, and how they ensure that they are living up to their promises on a daily basis. This is achieved through the alignment of the Partnership seven business principles and current thinking on their corporate social responsibility. This alignment sets out how the business perceives its responsibilities in terms of community investments, environmental protection, responsible sourcing and trading and workplace equality, diversity and dignity. This is communicated through the Partnerships corpor ate social responsibility policy: As a responsible retailer, owned beneficially by our employees (Partners), we believe that the long-term future of the Partnership is best served by respecting the interests of all our stakeholders: Partners, customers, suppliers and the wider community. We look actively for opportunities to improve the environment and to contribute to the wellbeing of the communities in which we trade. Our CSR policy sets out the principles we follow and the programmes we have developed to focus on the areas where we have significant impact or influence. (John Lewis Partnership, 2002) The corporate social responsibility policy is based on four key principles: shared responsibility, honesty and accountability, sustainable progress, and demonstrable progress; and four programmes are set in place to ensure its governance: environment, relationships, communities and partners [see Appendix 2 for CSR principles and programmes]. Competition Keynote reports state the retail industry is one which is face with strong competition from small family-run stores to larger multinational well established outlets. Mintel reports state that each retailer tries to differentiate itself from the competition, but the strategy that the company uses to sell its products is the most important factor. Mintel reports further state that the department store market can be divided into the following main areas: Luxury department stores: Harrods, Harvey Nichols and Selfridges. Middle market department stores: Debenhams, Marks and Spencer (MS) and John Lewis. Price-led department stores: The Co-operative, TJ Hughes and Boyes. John Lewis falls into the category of middle market department stores. The middle market retailing area will be the focus of this paper. The key players in this market are: Marks and Spencer, John Lewis, Debenhams and House of Fraser [See Appendix 3 for company profiles]. Industry reports state that the market leader is Marks and Spencer despite having a dip in sales and market share over recent years. The number two player, John Lewis is said to be further widening the gap between itself and rival player number three Debenhams. House of Fraser is the number four player who appears to have struggled most during the recession. [See appendix 4 for industry trends] Analysis Competitive Advantage The early 1980s witnessed growth of theoretical studies surrounding the concept of competitive advantage with the objective of defining strategic goals of a business (Kak Sushil, 2002). A key writer on competitive advantage is Michael Porter (1985) who stated that the goal of all businesses is to achieve a competitive advantage in relation to its industry rivals. Porter (1980) developed the five forces model as a framework for analysing industry competitiveness. This model enabled managers to understand the external business environment, identify opportunities and threats, and allowed them to develop strategies to compete with industry rivals. The PEST analysis (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological) or PESTEL analysis (including Environmental and Legal factors) is another framework developed to allow managers understand the external environment. John Lewis Partnership PEST Analysis Political: Political stability, tax policy, environmental regulations Economic: Economic growth, inflation rates, unemployment rates, interest rates Social: Demographics, class structure, attitudes Technological: Technology incentives, RD activity, technological developments These are the key factors of the external environment that affect John Lewis based on the PEST analysis. Factors such as class structure and technological developments have a direct impact on the Partnership due to the nature of the business and because of its core customer base. Other factors such as political stability, economic growth and unemployment rates have a greater impact on the retail industry and influence consumer buying behaviour. It is fair to conclude that the Partnership as responded effectively to changes in the external environment based on considering the activities of the business. Industry rivalry has witnessed a shift in core business activities from traditional methods suc h as bricks and mortar and high street store to bricks and clicks where stores also have an online presence. The partnership adopted an online presence in 2001 and has since witness rapid sales and profit growth as a result. According to Porter (1985), merely achieving a competitive advantage is not enough for long term success but rather developing a strategy that allows for creating and sustaining a superior competitive advantage is essential for long term business success. Porter (1980), also states that a sustainable competitive advantage is one which is difficult to duplicate and allows a firm to gain higher profits than its rivals. Acquiring and sustaining a competitive advantage can be seen as the primary strategic aim of a firm in todays dynamic business environment (Beirnat, 2004). Heerkens (2006), states that the following elements are required to enable a firm to develop an effective competitive strategy: A firm must clearly define itself in terms of its basis fo r competing, and its standards for measuring its success. A firm must develop a methodical understanding of its internal strengths and weaknesses. A firm must evaluate its strengths and weaknesses and specifically focusing on its position relative to the external business environment. A company must develop policies and methods to communicate information to all areas within the business. Buttle (2007) stresses the importance of understanding a firms internal environment and building on unique capabilities for gaining a competitive advantage. The SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) was developed as s tool for analysing the internal and external environment. It provides a firm with useful information for matching its resources and capabilities to the environment in which it operates. It is argued that successful strategies depend on accumulating competencies and exploiting them by matching these competencies to the market opportunities (Kak Su shil, 2002). Identifying a firms core competences is the key to making this connection. [See Appendix 5 for John Lewis SWOT Analysis] Core competencies Core competencies are often described as a collection skills and resources that enable a firm to add value to its business operations (Porter, 1980). Kak and Sushil (2002), state that a firms organisational learning, effective technology management, and people provide important sources of core competences. The effective management of such resources and the ability to link between a firms resources and business strategy can be considered as key for sustaining a competitive advantage (Slack et al, 2006). Heerkens (2006), suggest a firms core competences should possess the following five characteristics in order to add maximum value to its operations: They should provide a firm with an opportunity to gain access to a wide variety of products and markets. They should be capable of contributing in a demonstrative way to the benefits of end products, as perceived by customers and they are able to impact what customers care about. They should make a company unique in compariso n to industry rivals. They should be difficult for competitors to duplicate. They are should be stable and sustainable. It is fair to suggest that the core competences in the case of John Lewis are its employees (Partners). The Partnerships unique structure means that each partner has a vested interested in the success of the business. They strive at serving customers to the best of their abilities to ensure customer leave with a memorable and pleasurable experience thus strengthening the brand of the business and instilling customer loyalty. These are intangible core competence which can prove difficult to measure and manage. As a result, rival firms have found it difficult to replicate such a competency and this is evident when considering industry market share figures and customer satisfaction surveys. It is argued that this strategy has proved successful to the Partnership and has resulted in long lasting relationships with customers crossing generations. The Partner ships outlets can be considered as tangible or physical competencies. The Partnership has carefully selected the locations of its large multifunctional outlets in popular busy cities to focus their efforts towards their core customer base. Oxford Street is the location of their head office branch and with 3 other outlets in London, 3 in Scotland and many other outlets across England and Wales. It is fair to suggest that these outlets have been strategically placed at busy upmarket locations to maximise their sale potential. Arguably, the added value created by the Partnerships core competences can also be regarded as it distinctive capabilities because these attributes characterise the business and has given the Partnership a competitive advantage superior to that of its rivals. Competing retailers have attempted to replicate these capability but arguably have not witness equal measures of success as John Lewis, Generic Strategy Model Porter (1980), states that a firm can achieve a competitive advantage either by selling its products and services at a lower price or by differentiating its products and services. This calls for an understanding of Michael Porters generic strategies model. The model identifies 3 distinctive strategies as sources of a competitive advantage: Cost Leadership Strategy, Differentiation Strategy and Focus Strategy. [See Appendix 6 for Generic Strategies] It is fair to suggest that John Lewis has implemented a hybrid strategy which includes elements of a focus strategy and a differentiation strategy. Their strategy is deemed a focus strategy in terms their core middle class customer base instead of aiming their product to the mass market. Arguably, this is because of the type of products the retailer is offering to its customer and due to the price of their products which are often higher than competition. The Partnership believes that their higher prices are justified and that their c ustomers do not just benefit from a transaction but leave with a memorable experience. It is fair to suggest that this strategy has been successful for the business when considering their sale figures as the Partnerships sales were up ÂÂ £204.7m, 3%, to ÂÂ £6.97bn at the end of 2009. Notably, the Partnerships online operations witnessed a sales increase of ÂÂ £64.8m, 24.2% to ÂÂ £332.9m. Differentiation is another strategic direction the business strives towards. One way in which this is achieved is by ensuring that their Partners receive extensive product knowledge training in order to answer almost any possible question their customer may have about their products. Another way in which this is achieved is in their efforts in satisfying their customers. They strive at providing their customers with the best possible service and setting their standards above what they perceived to be satisfactory within the industry they operate. It is fair to suggest that the y have been successful in their efforts as they their online business, John Lewis Direct was voted best online retailer of the year by Which in May 2010. The Partnerships sister company Waitrose was also voted best supermarket of the year in September 2010, for a second year running. Murray (1988), states that the Porters generic strategies concept is disappointing because it does not explain how any generic strategies can be implementing, it is confusing and it disfavours practicing managers by advocating limitations to adopting a single generic strategy where no empirical evidence exist to support such a limitation. He argues that the contingency approach is a way of overcoming such limitations associated with Porters generic strategy model as it dismisses the perception of limiting oneself to a single strategy and it also demonstrates that each generic strategy is associated with a cluster of generic means. This argument and other alternative theories must be explored in gr eater detail by researchers and decision makers to gain a truly holistic perspective on current strategic thinking. It is of value exploring contrary conceptual frameworks and supporting theories in order to gain a true understanding of the study area and for discerning which concepts and theories can be applied practically to a satiation or a unique business. Value Chain Organisational planning and control often focus on the performance of several different business functions within a firm (Buttle, 2007). Porters value chain analysis is a common way of displaying these business functions and is a useful framework to analyse specific activities which enable a firm to create value and ultimately develop a competitive advantage (Heerkens, 2006). The framework displays a sequence of business functions from which a firm can add value to its operations through various primary and support activities (Porter, 1985). [See Appendix 7 for Value Chain] Porter (1980), states that the value chain model is a useful tool for analysing a firms core competences and identifying its distinctive capabilities. Heerkens (2006) suggests that the successful management of value chain activities involves the management of the outcomes with an awareness of inputs, rigorous management of the several channels and flows, and the management of relationships which include: inte rnal relationships, business relationships and customer relationships. In the case of John Lewis, it can be argued that service is the businesses core primary activity with marketing and sale being secondary. This assessment is based on their applied differentiation strategy from porters generic strategies model where interactions with their customer are at the centre of their business philosophy. It is fair to suggest that service ensures customer satisfaction and customer retention for the Partnership whilst sales and marketing facilitates continued profit and growth for the business which will ultimately benefit their partners who are the owners of the business and receive a percentage of the profits the business generates. The partnership has two key support activities which complement its primary activities. It can be argued that the Partnership Human Resource Management through recruitment and selection practices ensures that the business attracts and retains high standa rds within its workforce. It is in the best interest of the business to employ individuals with the passion and drive for success and who will also adopt the spirit of the Partnership in order to maintain its strong reputation and high standards. Technology developments such as having an online presence is said to be another means adopted by the Partnership to exploit its core competencies. Mintel reports states that the Partnerships online presence has grown from strength to strength since its initial introduction in 2001. Arguably, the Partnership is using their website as a mean to not only reach customer in remote location but also to target their marketing and sales activities and increase the growth potential. Conclusion The strategic direction of a firm is one of great importance to managers in todays business environment. Michael Porter provides several conceptual frameworks which support decision makers in understanding their internal and external environment as well as evaluating potential threats and possible opportunities. Key theorists within the study area discuss Porters Generic Strategies Model and Value Chain Model as exhibiting essential characteristics in understanding a firms activities and exploiting core competencies. In the case of the John Lewis Partnership, Porters theories have provided valuable information to facilitate the understanding of the business and the environment in which it operates. Gaining such an understanding will allow decision makers not only to measure and control performance but also develop and implement future strategies to ensure continued growth for the business. It is of value to explore alternative conceptual frameworks in addition to Porters theo ries when conducting research in the study area to enable a truly holistic perspective on future studies and to mitigate any limitations associated with past theories and isolated or abstract theoretical deductions. References Beirnat, J. E., 2004. Strategic management: Text Cases. 1st ed. New York: McGraw Hill. Boddy, David., 2005. Management: An Introduction. 3rd ed. London: Prentice Hall. Businessballs, (2008). Learning and Development Resource. 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QuickMBA (1999), Online Knowledge Resource, [Online] Available from World Wide Web: https://www.quickmba.com/ [accessed 13 October, 2010] Rowson, Pauline., 2009. Successful Marketing: Get Brilliant Results Fast. 1st ed. London: Crimson Publishing. Slack, Nigel., Chanbers, Stuart., Johnston, Robert., 2010. Operations Management. 6th ed. London: Prentice Hall Appendix 1 Partnership Seven Principles The Partnerships Seven Principles which define the business (John Lewis Partnership, 2002): Purpose: The purpose of the Partnership is the ultimate happiness of its members. This is through their worthwhile and satisfying employment in a successful business. The Partnership is owned in trust for its members who share the responsibilities of ownership of the business as well as its profit rewards, knowledge and power sharing. Power: There are three main governing authorities within the Partnership who share power; the Partnership Council, the Partnership Board and the Chairman. Profit: The aim of the Partnership is to make acceptable profit from its trading operations to sustain its commercial presence, to finance its continued development and to distribute a share of its profits to its members each year. The profits also enable the Partnership to undertake other activities consistent with the aims of the business. Members: The aim of the Partnership is to employee indiv iduals of ability and integrity who are committed to working together and ultimately to supporting the principles of the Partnership. Relationships are based on mutual respect and courtesy, with equality between its members as differences of responsibility permit. The aim of the Partnership is to recognise each individuals contributions and to reward them fairly. Customers: The aim of the Partnership is to deal honestly with its customers and to secure their loyalty and trust by providing excellent choice, value and service. Business Relationships: The aim of the Partnership is to conduct all its business relationships with integrity and courtesy and to honour accurately every business agreement. The Community: The aim of the Partnership is to obey with spirit and the letter of the law and to contribute to the wellbeing of the communities in which the Partnership operates. Appendix 2 Corporate Social Responsibility (John Lewis Partnership, 2002) Principles Shared Responsibility: The Partnerships unique structure means that its members share the responsibilities of ownership and benefit from its rewards. The aim of the Partnership is to develop and implement social and environmental policies which fit in with its members everyday responsibilities and activities. Honesty and Accountability: The democratic ownership structure means sharing power, profit and knowledge. The Partnership communicates its environmental policies, objectives and performance openly and honestly to its partners and to others who share an interest in the business activities, including customers and suppliers. The Partnership encourages them to communicate with the business and continuously seek their views. Sustainable Progress: The Partnership is committed to improving its performance. They take into account technical developments, changing scientific evidence, costs and customer concerns and expectations in the development and implementation of all new so cial and environmental policies and procedures. They monitor their performance, set regular objectives for improvements and report business progress. Demonstrable Compliance: The Partnership guarantees to meet all relevant legislation and exceed where possible. Where no legislation exists they aim to develop and implement their own appropriate working practices and business standards. Programmes Environment: The aim of the Partnership is take all reasonable steps to manage its operations so as to minimise the environmental impact and to promote good environmental practice. They set and follow high standards in food production, quality and safety. They promote responsible and sustainable methods of agriculture, animal husbandry and biodiversity; and review regularly the business practices and performance to identify how they can improve their energy efficiency, minimise packaging and reduce water usage, waste disposal and air emissions. Relationships: They will conduct their business relationships with integrity and courtesy, and honour all trading commitments. Their aim is to build long-term relationships with suppliers and provide support for small, local, specialist producers. The Partnership is committed to trading fairly with all it suppliers, and will communicate their responsible sourcing expectations to them in the areas of health, safety and worker welfare, sust ainable and profitable agriculture, high animal welfare standards, biodiversity and good environmental practice. Communities: They aim to build lasting relationships with their customers, suppliers and the local communities by encouraging Partners to consider the needs of others and involve themselves in public service. They obtain a wide range of views on their social and environmental policies and performance. Partners: They will respect their Partners and encourage individual training and development. They will promote equality as differences in responsibilities permit and consider the interests of their Partners including their welfare, health and safety. The aim of the Partnership is to empower Partners and they will recognise individual contributions and reward Partners fairly. Their ultimate aim is the happiness of its members through their worthwhile and satisfying employment in a successful business Appendix 3 Marks and Spencer plc Marks and Spencer is a leading clothing retailer in the UK and a major operator in the grocery sector. The retailer operates 600 stores in the UK and 300 stores internationally in over 40 territories. The company has witnessed a rapid recovery within the retail sector under the management of Stuart Rose until a more subdued second half of 2007/08 (Mintel, 2007). According to Keynote reports, Marks and Spencer has made promising progress towards resurrection in recent years. This has been achieved by re-establishing its style and value credentials through improvements to product offer, price positioning, stores and marketing. Other improvements to cost controls and buying have helped sales and profit margins Chart 2: Marks and Spencer market share 2003 2007 (Mintel, 2007) The chart shows a steady increase of market share for Marks and Spencer from 2003 to 2007 with the exception of 2007 as the retailer lost market share. This could have been due to a global economic crisis resulting in changes in consumer spending behaviours. Debenhams plc Debenhams is a leading UK department store chain with a greater preference to fashion than home products. The store has differentiated itself through a large portfolio of private labels, including popular designers at Debenhams ranges. International franchising is a small but rapidly growing part of the retailers business. Debenhams has 153 stores across the UK and Ireland and a fully transactional website, reflecting Debenhams commitment to offering customer greater value, a wider choice and excellent service across every area in which it operates. Chart 3: Debenhams market share 2003 2007 (Mintel, 2007) The chart shows the market share activity for Debenhams from 2003 to 2007. There appears to have been some steady growth for the retailer from 2003 to 2005, however, they suffered a loss in 2006 and struggled to regain their position as there was no market share changes from 2006 to 2007. House of Fraser Ltd House of Fraser is one of the oldest department stores in the UK. The department store was founded in Glasgow, Scotland in 1749. Mintel reports state that the department store had lost its way in the new millennium resulting in repositioning itself as a premium brand under its new owners, the Highland Group in November 2006. The early signs appear promising, but it is argued that many question marks remain. House of Fraser has 62 stores across the UK and Ireland and a fully transactional website. The retailer offers luxurious items at affordable prices; from beauty essentials to home accessories. The premium department store strives to offer its customers an enjoyable and pleasant shopping experience both, online and in store. Chart 4: House of Fraser market share 2003 2007 (Mintel, 2007) The chart shows the market share activity for House of Fraser from 2003 to 2007. It is fair to suggest that the retailer has struggled relatively more to retain customers and generally maintain growth across this period. The retailer lost market share between 2003 and 2004, it then grew market share in 2005. However, this was short lived as there appeared to be a steady decline from 2005 to 2007 with 2007 displaying the lowest market share figures for the retailer during that period. Appendix 4 Industry Trends Department stores operate in several different product markets which make the business more complex than specialist formats. However, it is argued that having such a variation of products offer a measure of protection to the business (Mintel, 2007). Keynote reports suggest that demand for core department store products like clothing, brown goods and personal care products were strong during the five years leading up to 2007. Despite this many department stores failed to capitalise fully on the boom times and lost market share to industry rivals. The financial crisis of 2008/09 has resulted in a change in customer spending patterns. Industry reports suggest that customers have favoured lower ticketed items for themselves and their homes over discretionary purchases such as furniture, brown and white goods. As a result, department stores have found it increasingly difficult to compete with specialist operators like clothing or electrical retailers. Many retailers have responded by narrowing their product offering whilst others have focused their efforts on customer retention and reviewed their pricing policies. Mintel reports state that the retail market has witnessed a 0.5% sales reduction in 2009 and predict that this trend will carry over into 2013. They state that the winners in the department store sector will be those that can adapt best to their customers changing needs, earn their loyalty and trust and at the same time keep a tight rein on cost and working capital. Figure 1: Consumer Confidence Index, Jan 2006-Oct 2008 (Mintel, 2007) Figure 1 shows a decline in consumer confidence, which was accelerated in July 2008. It is argued that this was a result of an increase in prices such as utility bills and the news that inflation was continuing to rise. Mintel sources suggest that a less confident consumer is more likely to cut back on discretionary spending which will have a direct impact on department stores especially those operating in the middle market like John Lewis and Marks and Spencer. Figure 2: UK GDP growth, 1989-2008 (Mintel, 2007) Figure 2 shows the lowest growth rate since the last recession. This supports the argument that the external environment is having a direct impact on consumer behaviour and ultimately affecting the British economy. Figure 3 displays the sales and market share figures for the key department store competing within the middle market sector. The figures for both sales and market share support the argument that Mark and Spencer is the clear leader within the industry. This is no surprise when considering the number of outlets Mark and Spencer has compared with the other department stores especially John Lewis. However, John Lewis has 1/3 of the number of outlets compared with House of Fraser and almost 1/6 of the amount of outlets compared to Debenhams and has a higher sales and market share figure compare to both department stores. It would be fair to suggest that John Lewis is doing exceptionally well among its industry competition even against Marks and Spencer when considering al l the figures together. Appendix 5 John Lewis Partnership SWOT Analysis Strengths: The Partnership has a strong reputation amongst its customers resulting in strong customer loyalty; there is an underlying perception of value for products and services allowing for higher premiums in product prices; an online presence enables the Partnership to compete amongst industry rivals and reach customer in remote locations. Weaknesses: The Partnership has a very large selection of product from small electrical items to large white good and furniture items making it difficult to compete with specialist retailers; the Partnership only has department store within the UK unlike some of its rivals. Opportunities: The Partnerships website is used to increase marketing activities and online sales; the partnership has recently expanded its product offering into the financial services market by introducing John Lewis insurance which has proved successful suggesting that further growth in this area to be advantageous; the partnership recently introduced its value ra nge which has proved successful thus attracting a new customer base and increasing market share. Threats: The competitive rivalry within the retail industry from small family business to large multinational firm and direct competition from other department stores to specialist retailers; the UK retail market has been affected by economic changes and economic concerns through the credit crunch; Changes in consumer spending behaviours require further market analysis and as technology develops consumer buying patterns change which will result in product areas requiring evaluation. Appendix 6 Porters Generic Strategies Target Scope Advantage Low Cost Product Uniqueness Broad (Industry Wide) Cost Leadership Strategy Differentiation Strategy Narrow (Market Segment) Focus Strategy (low cost) Focus Strategy (differentiation) Cost Leadership: The aim of this strategy is to sell products and service at the lowest price in the industry. This strategy is effective if a firm can command prices close to industry averages and without having to give away the cost advantage by discounting prices. Differentiation: The aim of this strategy is to make a product or service unique so as to be perceived as better value to customers when compared with industry rivals. The concept of value can be considered tangible as in product characteristic or intangible like company image and brand recognition. Focus: This aim of this strategy is to adopt a narrow competitive scope in the industry. This can be achieved by targeting specific market segments such as customers with unique requirements or within a geographical location. Alternatively, cost focus is acquiring specialised machinery that can handle specific market needs effectively like creating short product runs.